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House Approves N168bn Budget for FIRS

The House of Representatives yesterday approved N168.809 billion budget for Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) to cover the proposed personnel, overhead and capital expenditure cost of the Service during the fiscal year 2020.

The approval followed the adoption of a report presented by the House Committee on Finance at the plenary.

Presenting the report, the Chairman of the Committee, Hon. James Faleke, said the committee considered the 2020 budget of the FIRS and approved that a total expenditure of N168,809,476,220 to defray cost of the Service during the fiscal year 2020.

He recommended that the digitalisation of all processes in the administration of tax in FIRS should be undertaken so as to catch up with rapidly increasing economic activities most often carried out online without physical presence.

Faleke recommended that FIRS (Establishment) Act and other tax laws be amended to make it possible for FIRS to modernise its operations with relevant technology.

He accepted the need for the Service to have an intervention fund and recommended approval of the one-off Special Purpose Fund to the tune of N100 billion.

“This fund will expressly assist the FIRS to fund its immediate but pressing needs such as the completion of the FIRS head office building complex within 12 months, six training schools, 30 prototype tax operations offices, purpose-built facilities for efficient taxation of the upstream petroleum industry and ICT infrastructure to identify and track digital transactions,” the lawmaker added.

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Police search Magu’s Abuja house

Security operatives, on Tuesday evening, searched the Karu, Abuja, house of the Acting Chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), Ibrahim Magu.

The search, was part of the investigation into the activities of the anti-corruption commission under Magu, who was appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari on November 9, 2015.

The embattled Magu was on Monday “arrested” by security operatives to face the presidential investigative panel, led by a former President of the Court of Appeal, retired Justice Ayo Salami, over some allegations levelled against him by the Attorney-General of the Federation (AGF) and Minister of Justice, Abubakar Malami SAN, in a memo to President Buhari.

The Justice Salami-led panel, it was learnt, has representatives of the police, Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), the Department of State Services (DSS), among others.

The memo raised by Malami has some damning allegations against Magu, who was alleged, among other allegations, of insubordination to the AGF, ‘relooting of recovered loots’ and Sale of seized assets to cronies, associates and friends.

After facing the panel on Monday, the embattled Magu was detained at the Force CID at Garki, Abuja, from where he went to face the panel against on Tuesday.

A source informed that the security operative went to the house with a search warrant and moved in to carry out the search.

EFCC’s spokesman, Dele Oyewale, could not be reached on his phone to comment on the latest development, while Magu’s PA on Media, Tony Amokeodo, neither picked nor responded to text message sent to his telephone line as of the time of filing this report.

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‘Merge Immigration With Customs To Avoid Duplication’

A Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), Dr. Olisa Agbakoba, has called for the establishment of a National Customs and Border Enforcement Services and a new legislation to merge the immigration and customs services.

The expert in maritime and development law made the call in an article titled: “Avoiding or Mitigating Recession In Post-COVID-19 Nigeria.”

He projected that the Border Enforcement Service would replicate the US Customs and Border Enforcement Agency and the merged service would reduce duplication and proliferation of agencies at the borders.

Agbakoba said to comply with ECOWAS protocol and the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), the border closure policy should be replaced by a border enforcement policy.

He, therefore, charged the National Assembly to enact trade remedies legislation and a trade Expansion Act as it would help create millions of jobs, grow local industries and expand the economy, pointing out that the proposed legislation would impose anti-dumping duties on non-essential products, as well as special duties on exports into Nigeria which were subsidised by a foreign country.

He posited that the country had no trade policy which was why it was a major dumping ground for foreign goods.

He said the trade remedies legislation would prohibit imports if it was judged that they would cause material injury to local industries, for example, by impeding local growth, adding that “it is also important to enact legislation that will support the recently established Nigerian Office for Trade Negotiation (NOTN).”

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IHRC approves FCT Chief Judge’s nomination for ICC

The International Human Right Commission (IHRC) has endorsed Justice Ishaq Bello, Chief Judge of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) to represent Nigeria in the International Criminal Court (ICC).

The endorsement was announced by the Secretary-General, IHRC, Prof. Rafal Wasik, when he led his team to visit the chief judge in his office yesterday in Abuja.

Wasik, who was represented by the Country Representative, Amb. Friday Sani, said Bello’s nomination by President Muhammadu Buhari to represent Nigeria at ICC was a good decision.

“Considering the role you played during the lockdown in the country to fight the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in which you put your life and lives of other judges on the line.

“Also, by setting up mobile courts to uphold the right of Nigerians and this has since attracted the world headquarters.

“Be rest assured that I shall mobilise our diplomatic ties with countries in the world in support of your election into the international court.

“Therefore, I have concluded to pronounce an endorsement of your nomination on behalf of IHRC,’’he said.

Wasik, however, urged the Justice to assign a particular judge to deal with the rising cases of rape and maltreatment of children that has become rampart in the country.

Bello, in his response appreciated IHRC and Buhari for finding him worthy to be nominated to serve as a judge at ICC.

The judge, who assured IHRC of a robust partnership that would bring about the defense and protection of human rights in the country, assured the visitors that all prayers presented before him would be granted.

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Political Donations By Companies

#OBSCURELEGALFACTS BY AROME ABU

POLITICAL DONATIONS BY COMPANIES

In Nigeria, Companies are prohibited from making donations or gifts of any of its properties or funds to Political Parties or for any political purpose.

See Section 38(2) of the Companies and Allied Matters Act

Arome Abu is the Principal Partner of TCLP.

CAVEAT: Note that this information is provided for general enlightenment purposes and is not intended to be any form of legal advice.

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Who Must Publish Laws In Nigeria And In What Quality?

Daily Law Tips (Tip 605) by Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK)

Who Must Publish Laws In Nigeria And In What Quality?

There are set of laws governing persons and affairs in Nigeria. The art of making laws and publishing them are also vested on some persons by law. A federal legislation (Acts Authentication Act) that has been in operation since 1st January 1962 regulates how federal laws made by the National Assembly are printed and circulated in Nigeria.

By the 1962 federal law, when a law is made by the National Assembly (at this stage it is still a BILL), duplicate copies of the bill and schedules showing the bill are sent to the President of Nigeria to assent (sign and put the public seal of the Federation) on it. After duplicate copies of a BILL are signed and sealed by the President of Nigeria, the BILL becomes LAW and a copy must be sent to the Clerk of the National Assembly. The Clerk must ensure that a copy is published in the Federal Gazette. And, a copy of a Federal Gazette is the final evidence of an enacted law.

Every Act when numbered must be immediately arranged in fair and legible type by the Government Printer and have endorsed on the back that it is published by authority; and an impression in triplicate from the type set up shall be struck off by the Government Printer on vellum or on paper of an enduring quality.

Across States in Nigeria, there are Authentication Laws, designed by states to be equivalents of the Acts Authentication Act. The Acts Authentication Act smells and speaks of its age. It is over five (5) decades and its equivalents in states are quite old too. Obviously they need to be amended to meet the realities of our society. There is need to have a statutory duty vested on the Clerk and Government Printer to publish all laws on free to access online platforms. And, access should be free!

It is disappointing there is no single comprehensive online depository of all laws of Nigeria; from Pre-Independence to date. Whether this even exists physically has been a huge debate. The website of the National Assembly is far from what it should be. I must commend the efforts of PLAC and other few law blogs maintaining deposits of recent laws made by the National Assembly. Ignorance of law is not an excuse but this must be after government ensures that copies of laws are available.

My authorities are:

1. Sections 1, 2, 3 and 5 of the Acts Authentication Act, 1962.

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Federal Character Commission to audit MDAs nominal rolls

The Federal Character Commission (FCC) said it has plans to commence the auditing of the nominal rolls of federal Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) to be sure that they comply with the principles of federal character as enshrined in the constitution.

The New Executive Chairman of the Commission, Dr Muheeba Dankaka, during a news conference on Wednesday in Abuja, said the aim was to ensure enforcement of the principles of federal character without sacrificing its Merits.

Dankaka said public concerns have been expressed and she and the new Federal Commissioners have been confronted even before their assumptions of office with seeming unethical practice.

“It is of great concern that our laid down procedures and operations standard have been compromised.

“We have resolved to change these narratives. To enhance the power of prosecution for any erring agency, the Commission shall review the laws and seek amendments from the National Assembly where necessary.

“The Commission shall not hesitate to impose disciplinary measures on any erring staff or agency. It shall not be business as usual. We all must strive to live above board.

“All government MDAs must ensure adherence to the principle of federal character.

“To this end, the Commission shall soon embark on audit of the nominal rolls of all government MDAs with the view to enforcing the principles of federal character without sacrificing its merit,” she said.

The FCC boss said findings revealed that the second mandate of the Commission which dwelled on equitable distribution of infrastructural facilities had been seemingly neglected.

She noted that the Commission shall implement this critical mandate which impacted directly on the dividends of democracy and the well being of the people.

“We shall ensure that all implementing MDAs adhere to the principles of fairness and equitable distribution of social amenities.

“However, very soon, the Commission will organise an induction session for Honourable Members so as to acquaint them with the processes and workings of the Commission.

“As the world is experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, I implore everyone to adhere strictly to the guidelines issued by NCDC and other health institution in the country,” she said.

The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), reports that Npom and 37 new Federal Character Commissioners were inaugurated on July 2 by President Mohammadu Buhari after being cleared by the National Assembly.

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At war time speed’, China leads the world COVID-19 vaccine race

By Sangmi Cha and Miyoung Kim

China is forging ahead in the race to develop a vaccine to help control the COVID-19 pandemic, with Sinovac Biotech’s experimental vaccine set to become the country’s second and the world’s third to enter final stage testing later this month.

While a laggard in the global vaccine industry, China, where the new coronavirus is thought to have originated, has brought state, military and private sectors together in a quest to combat a disease that has killed over 500,000 people worldwide.

Many other countries, including the United States, are coordinating closely with the private sector to try to win the vaccine development race, and China faces many challenges.

Its success in driving down COVID-19 infections makes it harder to conduct large-scale vaccine trials, and so far only a few other countries have agreed to work with it. After past vaccine scandals, Beijing will also have to convince the world it has met all safety and quality requirements.

But China’s use of command economy-type tools is so far yielding results.

A state-controlled entity, for example, completed two vaccine plants at what it called the “war time speed” of a couple of months, while state-owned enterprises and the military have allowed experimental shots to be used on staff.

The People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) medical research unit, which has been a driving force in China’s efforts to fight infectious diseases, is also working with private firms including CanSino to develop COVID-19 vaccines.

Challenging the West’s traditional dominance of the industry, China is behind eight of the 19 vaccine candidates in human trials, with Sinovac’s experimental shot and one jointly developed by the military and CanSino among the front runners.

It is also focused mainly on inactivated vaccine technology – a technology that is well known and has been used to make vaccines against diseases such as influenza and measles – something which could raise the chances of success.

By contrast, several Western rivals such as U.S.-based Moderna and Germany’s CureVac and BioNTech are using a new technology called messenger RNA that has never before yielded a product approved by regulators.

‘TRIED AND TRUE’

“It’s a tried and true strategy,” said Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, about inactivated vaccine technology.

“If I had to pick a vaccine that I think would be the most likely to be safe and effective, it would be that one,” he said. Offit is also co-inventor of the rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq, manufactured by Merck & Co Inc.

Four of the Chinese candidates in human trials are inactivated vaccines, including Sinovac’s and two vaccines from China National Biotec Group (CNBG), a unit of state-owned China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm).

There are currently only two experimental COVID-19 vaccines in final Phase III trials – one from Sinopharm and another from AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford. Sinovac’s is set to become the third later this month.

To speed up the process, China allowed Sinopharm and Sinovac to combine Phase I and Phase II trials for their vaccine candidates.

For CanSino’s experimental vaccine, the PLA research institute played a key role, with the two working on a method using an adenovirus – a similar approach to AstraZeneca’s.

The PLA has its own approval process for “military specifically-needed drugs”, and approved the military use of the candidate developed by its research unit and CanSino last month.

PLA lead scientist Chen Wei, who has been the face of its vaccine development effort, was among the first to take the experimental COVID-19 shot developed by her team, as well as its potential SARS treatment years before, according to state media.

CHALLENGES

China has challenges, though, as the epidemic has petered out in the country, hampering efforts to conduct large trials.

It has since shifted its focus overseas, but only a handful of countries have shown willingness to collaborate – UAE, Canada, Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico. Neither major European countries nor the United States have shown interest in China’s COVID-19 vaccines as they focus on their own projects.

China must also address concerns over its vaccine quality and safety issues following several https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-vaccines/chinas-changsheng-bio-technology-hit-by-heavy-penalties-in-vaccine-scandal-idUSKCN1MQ1KL scandals https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-vaccines/china-sacks-top-official-over-vaccine-scandal-firm-may-de-list-idUSKBN1L11BQ over substandard vaccines in recent years.

“The Chinese national regulatory authority has been improving its oversight,” said Jerome Kim, head of the International Vaccine Institute, a non-profit agency established as an initiative of the U.N. Development Programme.

China introduced a law last year to regulate the vaccine industry, with heavier penalties for selling and making fake or low-quality vaccines than other drug products.

REUTERS

PHOTOS: cgtn,com

What is the ‘State of Origin’ of a Married Nigerian Woman?

BellaNaija

FEATURES

What is the ‘State of Origin’ of a Married Nigerian Woman?

Recently, the nomination of Nimi Akinkugbe as an ambassador for Ondo State stirred a lot of controversy. The Chairman of Ondo Youth Coalition, Ademairo Emmanuel, claimed that Nimi was not an Ondo indigene and should not be given a political slot because Ondo “has a lot of prominent sons and daughters that can take up that role”. He also finds it insulting that Nimi has been chosen when “we have people that can represent this state well in national affairs”.

But Nimi Akinkugbe is well within her rights, constitutionally, to accept political positions in Ondo state. Not only is she married to an Ondo man and has lived in the SouthWest way more than she has lived in Rivers, but she is very qualified to occupy such position.

BellaNaija Features

Published 2 days ago

 on July 6, 2020

ByBellaNaija Features

Politics, in Nigeria, has always been ‘gender imbalanced’. As the years go by, Nigeria continues to have fewer women in positions of power. By 2019,  the proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) in Nigeria was 3.38. Its highest value over the past 19 years was 7.00 in 2010, while its lowest value was 3.38 in 2019. Rather than seeing improvement in women’s political involvement, it is glaring that the relegation of women, politically, is steadily on the rise.

One of the reasons is marriage – the institution highly revered by the Nigerian society.

In Nigeria, it is believed that a married woman ought to adopt almost everything that belongs to her husband. From his name to his home, his ideologies, his religion, belief system, and even his state of origin. This means that if a woman from Imo marries a man from Sokoto, people expect her to start claiming Sokoto as her state – because that is where her husband comes from and a wife is meant to leave her ‘identity’ and adopt that of her husband’s. At the same time, she is still from Imo because that is where her father comes from and there are certain things that cannot be stripped of a human, even after marriage.

This is very controversial because an Igbo woman who marries a Hausa man cannot automatically become Hausa, right? A Yoruba woman who marries an Igbo man does not automatically become Igbo, right? So what is the whole controversy for?

The answer is simple. Politics.

When it comes to political assignments (and a lot of workplaces in Nigeria) all sorts of reasons why women shouldn’t be voted in or assigned leadership positions pop up “Women are too emotional, they are not logical”, “women are not built to lead” “women will give birth and get distracted by the family” are few of the reasons people give. But as the country progresses – or declines, people have realized that the gender that is presumably logical, built to lead, or un- distracted by the family has done a very poor job of ruling the country.

What does the society say?

A woman is believed to belong to her husband. She leaves everything about herself and adopts everything about her husband. There’s a “now that you’ve left our house, you’re not really a part of us anymore” when a woman gets married to a man. Her complete identity is now being attached to her husband. This means that if an Igbo woman marries a Hausa man, her name will (most likely) change from Slyvia Uchendu to Slyvia Gusau. She will become ‘Mrs. Gusau’ and be known as that throughout her life. If the man lives in Sokoto, she will be expected to live there, mingle with his people – extended family, neighbours etc, and (probably) learn his language. Her life tilts more towards the North and less towards the East. When she dies, she is buried in Sokoto, among her husband’s people – who have become her own people.

It is different if her husband did not pay the dowry before they started living together. In this case, the woman does not belong to the man’s people, and when she dies, she is brought back home – to her own family, her own land. In many cases, if the wife dies before her dowry is paid, the man is forced to marry her dead body before he is allowed to leave with her corpse or carry out the burial rites.

Once the dowry is paid, she automatically belongs to her husband and his people. She is welcomed into his home and is now a part of his family – until and even in death.

So if she now belongs to her husband’s people, why can’t she enjoy the dividends of leaving her identity behind and adopting a new one? If an Igbo woman adopts a Hausa man’s name, becomes part of his culture, cultivates and harvests in his land, contributes to his society, learns his language, why can’t she be given a political appointment in Hausa land? If an Ondo woman is married to an Ijebu man and she leaves Ondo to become a part of the Ijebu family, adopts the Ijebu name and lives the rest of her life as a part of the Ijebu family, why can’t she be given a political appointment in Ijebu? Why can’t a Yoruba woman, who is married to an Igbo man, has been a part of the Igbo society for years and has poured so much of herself into the Igbo society, be given a political position in Igbo land?

When it comes to political appointments, women are being tossed about. Representatives from both states suddenly start to deny the woman. People from her state of origin will say “you’re married to a Sokoto man, go and meet your people.” Then people from the state she is married to will say “you are originally from Imo, go back to your people”. When it comes to benefiting from a woman’s labour and goodwill, it is ‘our wife’, but when it comes to giving women their dues and creating opportunities for them where it matters, it becomes ‘go back to your people’. These are societal hypocrisy and anomalies that need to be addressed.

What does the Nigerian constitution say?

In May 2019, the House of Representatives passed a bill that enables married Nigerian women to choose their state of origin. The bill gives married women the option of choosing the indigeneship of either their father or husband. The bill is to “amend the Federal Character Commission (Establishment, etc) Act, 2010, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, Cap F7 to give married women the option of indigeneship and for related matters”.

Prior to this amendment, married women were considered indigenes of their husband’s state but the amended section 2 now provides that “a married woman shall have the option to lay claim to her State or Local Government of origin for the purpose of implementation of the Federal Character formulae at the National level or State as the case may be”.

Recently, the nomination of Nimi Akinkugbe as an ambassador for Ondo State stirred a lot of controversy. The Chairman of Ondo Youth Coalition, Ademairo Emmanuel, claimed that Nimi was not an Ondo indigene and should not be given a political slot because Ondo “has a lot of prominent sons and daughters that can take up that role”. He also finds it insulting that Nimi has been chosen when “we have people that can represent this state well in national affairs”.

But Nimi Akinkugbe is well within her rights, constitutionally, to accept political positions in Ondo state. Not only is she married to an Ondo man and has lived in the SouthWest way more than she has lived in Rivers, but she is very qualified to occupy such position.

Nigeria’s unending battle with married women

Let’s face it, all this back and forth still boils down to a heavily patriarchal system. A system where women have to fight and fight before they are recognized, politically. A system where women are discredited, even before they are given the chance to get to the top of the ladder, politically.

The opposition to Nimi’s appointment is also deeply rooted in tribalism. A plague that continues to infest and eat up Nigeria’s political arena. In a country where, culturally, women are expected to claim their husband’s state of origin, it is amusing that Ondo people are suddenly claiming that she isn’t one of them.

To be a progressive society, we must learn to be more inclusive and stop trying to stunt women’s career and political growth.

What is the way forward?

The law is clear. A woman can choose to claim her husband’s state of origin or her own state of origin and Nimi Akinkugbe is well within her rights to accept the political offer. Case closed. All other opinions are okoto meow meow. You cannot be claiming ‘our wife’ and then deprive women of their political rights.

As it stands, a married woman in Nigeria is free to choose her state of origin or her husband’s. That is the law and it stands.

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Your Better Self with Akanna: Here’s How Your Mindset Is Stunting Your Progress!

You’ll no longer think in a fixed way but be ready to grow out of your role and broaden your horizon. It means you’ll see the possibilities out there, the abundant opportunities for you to serve others, and not a scarcity of jobs. It means you no longer feel entitled but realise that it’s a privilege for you to be able to serve others by meeting their needs with your best work all the time while remaining thankful for the huge returns you’d surely get!

It is often said that the difference between successful and unsuccessful people is the way they think. Thinking is a critical first step before ‘doing’. Or at least it should be. Those who go ahead and do stuff before, or without, thinking end up being undone by stuff. There’s a reason why critical thinking is one of the highest-paid skills on earth.

Your regular thinking pattern forms into a mindset through which you begin to filter all information and life experiences that come your way. For example, to a child, everything is a toy. So you are advised to keep certain things out of the reach of children because they just want to play with everything. And, certainly, not everything is for playing. Not everything is a toy. Not every experience is a game. But that’s just the way they think. It’s a mindset that they would one day outgrow — hopefully.

As adults, there are mindsets that we cultivate due to years and years of horrible thinking. Sometimes they’re picked up from our environment. Other times they’re internal; based on our own fears and personal limitations. Nevertheless, we ought to overcome them because they are the mindsets that keep us struggling in areas where we could become successful. They are negative mindsets and all they do is keep us from achieving greater things in our lives. Many of them exist out there but, for now, let’s look at five of these mindsets that easily keep us down.

The Victim Mindset

One thing that baffled me as a boy was how many adults never seemed to take responsibility for the outcomes of their lives. I always heard that the reason this uncle lost all his money was because that auntie in the village had put a spell on him. But, looking closely, uncle never seemed to manage his money prudently. He always spent like he was all too eager to go broke again.

A victim mindset blames everybody but you for your own situation. It’s always the fault of someone else — the devil, the government, the system, your employer, your housemates and, of course, your haters. Never your own fault. After all, we cannot blame the victim. With this mindset, it is very difficult to move forward in life, because the only person who can move you forward is you. And if you never hold yourself responsible for that, then you will never get it done. Everybody’s responsibility is nobody’s responsibility. You have to take ownership of your own life and progress.

Instead of having a victim mindset, develop an ‘overcomer’ mindset. Realise that although other people may have put some obstacles along your way to success, it is up to you to overcome those obstacles, not by focusing on them, but by focusing on your goals instead, because obstacles are the things you see when you take your eyes off your goals. A victim focuses on his obstacles while an overcomer focuses on his goals.

The Fixed Mindset

This is one level up from the victim mindset. The victim mindset says “I can’t do anything” while the fixed mindset says “I can only do this thing”. A person with a fixed mindset is like an old dog who cannot be taught new tricks. With this mindset comes lots of limitations. Moving forward into success is very tricky here because you can’t expect different results from doing the same things. Instead of being comfortable with what you know, seek to know more. Seek to learn new things and even unlearn old ones that are no longer useful. Instead of having a fixed mindset, cultivate a growth mindset. Seek to expand your comfort zone.

A fixed mindset would say “I’m already great at this”, while a growth mindset would say “I’m on the right track”. A fixed mindset would say “I give up”, while a growth mindset would say “who can help me?” A fixed mindset would say “no, this is too hard”, while a growth mindset would say “yes, this may take time and effort”. A fixed mindset would say “but plan A didn’t work”, while a growth mindset would say “good thing there are 25 more letters in the alphabet!”

Having a growth mindset instead of a fixed one opens up many doors of opportunities and possibilities to you on the road to success!

The Scarcity Mindset

This is like the fixed mindset, except that those with a fixed mindset are well aware that there are many opportunities out there. They are just not willing to try because they’d rather stick to what they already know. Those with a scarcity mindset, on the other hand, believe that there are no other opportunities out there, so they cling onto what they’ve got. They become very fearful and insecure, holding on tightly to their friends, jobs, food and anything good they come across. These are the smothering girlfriends, the controlling boyfriends, the overly competitive coworkers, and the embezzling politicians. They believe that’s all they can ever get, so they’ll do anything to get all they can, can all they get, and then sit tight on the can!

This mindset takes you nowhere. You just stay right there, struggling to hold on to everything you have while they slip away from your grip. Instead of having a scarcity mindset, cultivate an abundance mindset. The scarcity mindset is one that can be picked up from your environment. You may constantly be bombarded with news stories about how there isn’t enough land and food to cater to ‘overpopulation’. How we’re running out of water and other resources and now have to recycle everything,. How the rich are getting richer and the poor poorer, or how we have only a short time left on earth because of climate change. These scarcity-based ideas could be very depressing and lead you to think that way about your own personal life. Instead, maybe disconnect from all of that and plug into God, the creator, who has filled this world with an abundance of resources, exceeding anything we could ever think of or imagine.

The Entitlement Mindset

When I was working in Lagos, I stayed with my sister’s family. I remember being on the phone with a close family relative one night on my way back from work. He asked if I had had anything to eat. I said no but that, thankfully, I would have something to eat when I got home, to my sister’s house, because they were so kind to feed me every day. His surprising response was “of course, by right, they are supposed to give you food!”

Now, that’s an entitlement mindset. Entitled people think in terms of rights, not privileges. And they often confuse the two. They mistake a privilege granted them for a right that they are owed. This is a major turn off to people who would potentially give them a hand-up the ladder to success. When people realise that you think they owe you the help they’re offering, they’re most likely going to withdraw that offer.

Instead of an entitlement mindset, cultivate a mindset of gratitude. In everything, give thanks. Don’t think you deserve it, even if you paid for it. Still thank the seller, thank the waiter, thank your boss, thank your parents, thank your spouse, thank the Lord. Be grateful, be thankful and you’d soon realise that people will become rather excited to do things for you just because of how grateful they know you’d be.

The Employee Mindset

This one is tricky because most of us are employees — including myself. There are certainly more employees out there than there are employers, so the employee mindset is pervasive and quite entrenched in society. 

Being an employee and relying on a fixed salary for even a little while can do much damage to your way of thinking.  If left unchecked, the kind of mindset you develop as a typical employee is one that embodies all the other 4 dangerous mindsets we’ve just discussed. For example, the typical employee is prone to feeling victimized. You’ll see that play out when they choose to stay in a job that’s just not for them or with an employer that treats them badly because they believe they have no other option. They are a victim of the system. A typical employee is also prone to developing a very narrow set of skills, usually from working in one area for a very long time. It then becomes easy to have this fixed mindset of thinking that they can never learn new skills or new technology outside of those afforded them by their experience. This leads them to cling onto their jobs with a scarcity mindset, believing that this is all they’ve got, as they can never be good at any other job. There’s also the case of easily becoming entitled. A regular salary, whether once or twice a month, leads you to become dependent and entitled. It’s really none of your business whether or not the company you work for made a profit. All you’re concerned about is your salary and its attendant benefits. There are even ‘entitlements’ that make certain jobs more attractive than others.

Unfortunately, the way we do one thing is typically the way we do other things. So, if we cultivate the employee mindset at work, we, most certainly, will carry it home and into other areas of our lives, filtering our decision-making through that dangerous mindset. Instead of having an employee mindset, even while remaining employees, we should cultivate a business owner’s mindset. We should think of ourselves as business owners and our employers as our customers. They are like one of our clients who have hired us to do a job for them. If we do the job very well, then they will put us on a retainer to secure our services when required, and give us more and better jobs to do. With time, they will trust us so much with more tasks and more sensitive information that it would only make sense to bring us into their inner circles and put us at the helm of affairs.

Thinking of yourself as a business owner instead of as an employee is a very powerful mindset shift that has the potential to break you free from all the other limiting mindsets we’ve talked about. It means that you take responsibility for yourself, your work, and the outcome of your life. It means you’ll no longer think of yourself as a victim stuck in a bad job situation but as an ‘overcomer’, willing to learn new tricks and skills to advance your career. You’ll no longer think in a fixed way but be ready to grow out of your role and broaden your horizon. It means you’ll see the possibilities out there, the abundant opportunities for you to serve others, and not a scarcity of jobs. It means you no longer feel entitled but realise that it’s a privilege for you to be able to serve others by meeting their needs with your best work all the time while remaining thankful for the huge returns you’d surely get! This is the reality of the typical business owner.

Once these mindsets shift — from victim to overcomer, fixed to growth, scarcity to abundance, entitlement to gratitude and employee to business owner — happen within you, you’d be well on your way to greater success. For, once again, the subtle but stark difference between successful and unsuccessful people is the way they think.

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