The Senate on Tuesday reintroduced a bill that seeks to penalise persons found guilty of hate speech.

The National Commission for the Prohibition of Hate Speech Bill was sponsored by the deputy chief whip, Aliyu Abdullahi.

It prescribes death penalty for anyone found guilty of spreading a falsehood that leads to the death of another person.

The bill also seeks the establishment of a National Commission for the Prohibition of Hate Specch to help investigate and prosecute offenders.

A similar bill was introduced to the Senate on March 2018 for consideration and passage. It however, did not make it through to third reading.

The reintroduction of the bill has generated controversies among Nigerians.

Some civic groups have kicked against the bill because of its narrow and unclear definition of what constitutes hate speech.

They say the provisions of the bill would be contrary to the Nigerian Constitution if the bill becomes law as designed.

The Constitution protects the rights to unhindered speech, expression and association.

A former vice president, Atiku Abubakar, has also cautioned Nigerian senators against moves to pass the bill.

He said the freedom of speech and other key elements of civil liberties which Nigerians enjoyed between 1999 and 2015 should not be taken away by the current administration.

The lawmakers are expected to debate the details of the bill on another legislative day.

Read more: https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/362633-explainer-important-things-to-know-about-nigerias-hate-speech-bill.html

Universities in the UK have made progress in dealing with sexual harassment on campus, with nearly two-thirds introducing consent training for students, according to a survey of almost 100 institutions.

The research found that universities including Edinburgh, Kent, Durham, Oxford and Soas, University of London were conducting classes to train students in how to seek and recognise sexual consent. At some universities, the courses were mandatory in freshers’ week.

However, while many universities have increased training for staff and introduced preventative campaigns to address sexual harassment and gender-based violence, the report found far less had been done to deal with racial harassment.

Read more:https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/oct/09/uk-universities-not-doing-enough-tackle-racial-harassment-survey-finds

Exclusive: Almost 300 claims against staff have been made in six years, but victims and lawyers say those are just tip of iceberg

Sexual harassment, misconduct and gender violence by university staff are at epidemic levels in the UK, a Guardian investigation suggests.

Freedom of information (FoI) requests sent to 120 universities found that students made at least 169 such allegations against academic and non-academic staff from 2011-12 to 2016-17. At least another 127 allegations about staff were made by colleagues.

But scores of alleged victims have told the Guardian they were dissuaded from making official complaints, and either withdrew their allegations or settled for an informal resolution. Many others said they never reported their harassment, fearful of the impact on their education or careers. This suggests that the true scale of the problem is far greater than the FoI figures reveal.

Read more: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/mar/05/students-staff-uk-universities-sexual-harassment-epidemic?CMP=share_btn_wa

 By Katerina Papakyriakopoulou

Sewing, ironing, and cooking are basic tasks that most people learn at home. But it’s entirely different when a school offers it as an additional class, so the students, particularly boys, build values regarding gender equality and break the stigmas they face when doing these activities. That is what the Montecastelo School of Spain teaches its students under the slogan, “Equality is learned with actions.”

In 2018, the school, situated in the city of Vigo, announced that it’d include lessons in home economics among other subjects. During the lessons, the male students would be taught to do tasks such as ironing, sewing, cooking, and other manual activities such as masonry, carpentry, and plumbing and electrician skills.

Read more: https://www.thinkinghumanity.com/2019/06/a-school-in-spain-teaches-household-chores-to-boys-in-a-powerful-initiative-against-gender-inequality.html

As the world marked the International day of older persons on 1st October 2019, a United Nations day observed to raise awareness about issues affecting the elderly, the International Federation of Women Lawyer (FIDA) Abuja branch went all out to appreciate the contributions older people make to the society.

Being aware of the importance of this day, members of the association marked the day with older persons of the AMAZING GRACE HOME located at Kado Estate in Abuja metropolis.

FIDAns as they are fondly called spent most of the day with them, sharing and generally showing them love and affection.

Aside from giving their time, the women lawyers took with them a lot of gift items in cash and in kind.

Unlike refugees, women and children, persons with disabilities or other groups, older persons are not protected by any specific human rights instrument; which may explain the lack of representation of the unique challenges faced by the elderly, in terms of global policy, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Across the length and breadth of the country many have been abandoned by people that they once loved and catered for on account of being old. Others found themselves in such situations as a result of the vagaries of life. They have neither children nor relatives to look after them and so despite their frail frame occasioned by old age, they just have to fend for themselves.

There are also some who are the draughtsmen of their own misfortune. They denied their children love and proper breeding. Today they are harvesting what they sowed. Many wish to die so they could be free from their sufferings; but even death defied them.

Elderly people in these categories no doubt need the assistance of the society. That perhaps explains why Chief Mrs Ifeyinwa M. Obegolu, PhD, founded the Amazing Grace Home with the vision to “protect the rights of the Elders, Widows & Victims of domestic violence.”

Young people particularly girls and young women often experience violence at home. It ranges from physical punishment to sexual, emotional or psychological violence. However, acceptance of violence as something private often prevents others from intervening and disallows victims and the vulnerable alike from reporting.

It is on this account that the International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA) Abuja branch recently took its advocacy train to the Faculty of Law BAZE University also in Abuja yesterday to train law students on how to counter Gender based Violence. They were trained by the branch Assistant General Secretary Ezinwa Obiajunwa who is passionate about issues of gender, children and human rights violations.

 Obiajunwa has over 5 years experience working in prestigious organisations on issues of Gender Based Violence (GBV). She has also contributed to the development of programs, projects and activities that enhance access to justice for indigent women and children in Nigeria.

The event captured all the various forms of GBV and thoroughly educated these young ones who are the future of tomorrow.

The programme taged “One-day Peer Educators Traning on Gender Based Violence was organised by FIDA Abuja in conjunction with OXFAM International. FIDA says it looks forward to a continuing relationship in sensitizing the Nigerian people on the Violence Against persons (prohibition) (VAPP) Act, 2015 and other relevant laws in line with its objectives.

Benefits of economic empowerment

• Women’s economic empowerment is central to realizing women’s rights and gender equality. Women’s economic empowerment includes women’s ability to participate equally in existing markets; their access to and control over productive resources, access to decent work, control over their own time, lives and bodies; and increased voice, agency and meaningful participation in economic decision-making at all levels from the household to international institutions.
• Empowering women in the economy and closing gender gaps in the world of work are key to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development  and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 5, to achieve gender equality, and Goal 8, to promote full and productive employment and decent work for all; also Goal 1 on ending poverty, Goal 2 on food security, Goal 3 on ensuring health and Goal 10 on reducing inequalities.
• When more women work, economies grow. Women’s economic empowerment boosts productivity, increases economic diversification and income equality in addition to other positive development outcomes. For example, increasing the female employment rates in OECD countries to match that of Sweden, could boost GDP by over USD 6 trillion, recognizing, however, that. growth does not automatically lead to a reduction in gender-based inequality. Conversely, it is estimated that gender gaps cost the economy some 15 percent of GDP.
• Increasing women’s and girls’ educational attainment contributes to women’s economic empowerment and more inclusive economic growth. Education, upskilling and re-skilling over the life course – especially to keep pace with rapid technological and digital transformations affecting jobs—are critical for women’s and girl’s health and wellbeing, as well as their income-generation opportunities and participation in the formal labour market. Increased educational attainment accounts for about 50 per cent of the economic growth in OECD countries over the past 50 years. But, for the majority of women, significant gains in education have not translated into better labour market outcomes.
• Women’s economic equality is good for business. Companies greatly benefit from increasing employment and leadership opportunities for women, which is shown to increase organizational effectiveness and growth. It is estimated that companies with three or more women in senior management functions score higher in all dimensions of organizational performance.

The world of work

• Gender differences in laws affect both developing and developed economies, and women in all regions. Globally, over 2.7 billion women are legally restricted from having the same choice of jobs as men. Of 189 economies assessed in 2018, 104 economies still have laws preventing women from working in specific jobs, 59 economies have no laws on sexual harassment in the workplace, and in 18 economies, husbands can legally prevent their wives from working.
• Women remain less likely to participate in the labour market than menaround the world. Labour force participation rate for women aged 25-54 is 63 per cent compared to 94 per cent for men. When including younger (aged 15 years and up) and older women (aged 55 and up) , in 2018 women’s global labour force participation rate is event lower at 48.5 per cent, 26.5 percentage points below that of men.
• Women are more likely to be unemployed than men. In 2017, global unemployment rates for men and women stood at 5.5 per cent and 6.2 per cent respectively. This is projected to remain relatively unchanged going into 2018 and through 2021.

• Women are over-represented in informal and vulnerable employment. Women are more than twice as likely than men to be contributing family workers. From the latest available data, the share of women in informal employment in developing countries was 4.6 percentage points higher than that of men, when including agricultural workers, and 7.8 percentage points higher when excluding them.
• Globally, women are paid less than men. The gender wage gap is estimated to be 23 per cent. This means that women earn 77 per cent of what men earn, though these figures understate the real extent of gender pay gaps, particularly in developing countries where informal self-employment is prevalent. Women also face the motherhood wage penalty, which increases as the number of children a woman has increases.
• Women bear disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care and domestic work. Women tend to spend around 2.5 times more time on unpaid care and domestic work than men.The amount of time devoted to unpaid care work is negatively correlated with female labour force participation.
• Unpaid care work is essential to the functioning of the economy,but often goes uncounted and unrecognized. It is estimated that if women’s unpaid work were assigned a monetary value, it would constitute between 10 per cent and 39 per cent of GDP.
• Women are still less likely to have access to social protection. Gender inequalities in employment and job quality result in gender gaps in access to social protection acquired through employment, such as pensions, unemployment benefits or maternity protection. Globally, an estimated nearly 40 per cent of women in wage employment do not have access to social protection.
• Women are less likely than men to have access to financial institutions or have a bank account. While 65 per cent of men report having an account at a formal financial institution, only 58 per cent of women do worldwide.
• The digital divide remains a gendered one: most of the 3.9 billion people who are offline are in rural areas, poorer, less educated and tend to be women and girls.
• Women are less likely to be entrepreneurs and face more disadvantages starting businesses: In 40% of economies, women’s early stage entrepreneurial activity is half or less than half of that of men’s.
• Women are constrained from achieving the highest leadership positions: Only 5% of Fortune 500 CEOs are Women.
• Violence and harassment in the world of work affects women regardless of age, location, income or social status. The economic costs – a refelction of the human and social costs – to the global economy of discriminatory social institutions and violence against women is estimated to be approximately USD 12 trillion annually.

Sustainable Development

• Almost a third of women’s employment globally is in in agriculture, including forestry and fishing, but this may exclude self-employed and unpaid family workers. Yet, differences across countries and regions are striking. The share of women workers in agriculture is only 9.5 per cent in upper-middle-income countries and 2.6 per cent in high-income countries, while agriculture remains the most important employment sector for women in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.
• Women farmers have significantly less access to, control over, and ownership of land and other productive assets compared to their male counterparts. Land is perhaps the most important economic asset; women account for only 12.8 per cent of agricultural landholders in the world.
• Women and girls suffer most from the dearth of safely managed water and sanitation. Women and girls are responsible for water collection in 80 per cent of households without access to water on premises. Menstrual hygiene management is difficult in the absence of water, soap and gender-responsive sanitation facilities, whether at home, school or work.
• Women and girls are more likely to carry the burden of energy poverty and experience the adverse effects of lack of safe, reliable, affordable and clean energy. Indoor air pollution from using combustible fuels for household energy caused 4.3 million deaths in 2012, with women and girls accounting for 6 out of every 10 deaths.
• Environmental degradation and climate change have disproportionate impacts on women and children. Women often bear the brunt of coping with climate-related shocks and stresses or the health effects of indoor and urban pollution, which add to their care burden. As land, forest and water resources are increasingly compromised, privatized or “grabbed” for commercial investment, local communities and indigenous peoples, particularly women, whose livelihoods depend on them, are marginalized and displaced. Globally, women are 14 times more likely than men to die during a disaster.

Women migrant workers

• Women constitute approximately half of the 258 million migrants who live and work outside their countries of birth. Migrant women and girls outnumber men and boys in all regions except Africa and Asia; in some countries of Asia, men migrants outnumber women by about three to one.
• Despite gender inequalities in the labour market and gender wage gaps globally, women migrant workers were responsible for sending half of the estimated $601 billion in remittances worldwide in 2016.
• Research has shown that women migrant workers are often more likely than men to remit on a regular basis owing to women’s stronger links to family members and self-insurance motives underlining the link between a woman’s gendered caregiving role in the household and her increasing propensity to remit.
• Although many migrant women are highly skilled and well-educated, they face challenges in accessing foreign labour markets. Employment restrictions for migrants coupled with the de-skilling prevalent in gendered labour markets and pervasive stereotypes associated with migrant women in countries of destination, can negatively impact their job prospects. Indeed, many migrant women participate in low-skilled and precarious jobs characterized by low wages, poor working conditions, limited labour and social protections, and exposure to physical and sexual violence.

Women migrant workers are often concentrated in informal, low paid and unregulated work. The main sectors in which women migrant workers are employed are: services and retail (18.8 per cent), elementary occupations (17.3 per cent), craft and related trades (15.2 per cent), professionals (13.9 per cent) and clerks (12.3 per cent). Of the estimated 11.5 million international migrant domestic workers (in 2013), approximately 73.4 per cent were women.

Source: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment/facts-and-figures