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China poised to unveil world’s tallest bridge in June


Move over, Golden Gate and Sydney Harbour. China is set to open the world’s tallest bridge in June, the latest feat of engineering from the infrastructure-focused country.

CNN reports that the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is currently nearing the end of construction in Guizhou, southwest China. It will measure 2,051 feet above river level, which is 947 feet taller than current bridge title holder the Millau Viaduct in France.

Guizhou province is a mountainous areas of China, with complex terrain. The bridge crosses the dramatic Huajiang Grand Canyon, also called the “earth crack.”

China has a nationwide push to improve infrastructure, especially in relatively underdeveloped mountainous areas like Guizhou, which is 800 miles west of the city of Shenzhen.

Thus, the bridge isn’t just about breaking a record — once in operation, it will be easier than ever for cars and trucks to traverse the area. According to state media, it will reduce travel time over the Huajiang Grand Canyon from two hours to just one minute.

The bridge is a steel truss suspension bridge with a total length of 9,482 feet. Construction officially started on January 18, 2022 and is expected to be completed on June 30, 2025, Guizhou local state media said.

Altogether, these trusses weigh about 22,000 tons, equivalent to three Eiffel Towers.

“At present, the overall progress of the bridge has reached 95%, and it is planned to be opened to traffic in the second half of 2025,” Zhang Shenglin, chief engineer of Guizhou Highway Group, told the state-run newspaper China Daily.

“By then, this super project that spans the “earth crack” will be the world’s first in both directions. It will become another landmark project to demonstrate China’s infrastructure strength,” Zhang added.

Currently, nearly half of the top 100 tallest bridges in the world are in Guizhou.

CNN

[Download Full Judgment] UK government says Supreme Court ruling on legal definition of woman ‘brings clarity and confidence’

In a landmark judgment delivered on Wednesday, Britain’s highest court held that the definition of woman is limited to biological women and does not include trans women.

Britain’s Supreme Court held unanimously that the definition of a woman in equality legislation refers to “a biological woman and biological sex,” sparking celebrations outside the court among gender-critical campaigners.

Reacting to the Supreme Court ruling, a government spokesperson said:

“We have always supported the protection of single-sex spaces based on biological sex.

“This ruling brings clarity and confidence, for women and service providers such as hospitals, refuges, and sports clubs.

“Single-sex spaces are protected in law and will always be protected by this government.”

Lord Hodge told the court the Equality Act (EA) was very clear that its provisions dealt with biological sex at birth, and not with a person’s acquired gender, regardless of whether they held a gender recognition certificate. That affected policy-making on gender in sports and the armed services, hospitals, as well as women-only charities, and access to changing rooms and women-only spaces, he said.

Hodge urged people not to see the decision “as a triumph of one or more groups in our society at the expense of another”. He said all transgender people had clear legal protections under the 2010 Act against discrimination and harassment.

Click here to download the full judgment.

For-Women-Scotland-Ltd-v-The-Scottish-Ministers-Who-is-a-Woman-uksc_2024_0042_judgment_aea6c48cee

Read Also: Breaking! UK Supreme Court backs biological definition of ‘woman’

Victims recount how militants attacked villages near major army formation in Plateau State

  • NBA to FG: Stop the killings, protect Nigerians!
  • Peter Obi tells Tinubu to suspend France trip, says Nigerians are dying

The attack on Zike and Kimakpa communities in Plateau State’s Bassa Local Government Area by gunmen on Monday, which claimed a reported 51 lives, has sparked concerns due to both communities’ proximity to the 3 Division Headquarters of the Nigerian Army.

The attack came less than two weeks after armed men also struck multiple villages in the Bokkos area of the state, killing 52 people.

In the meantime, Labour Party presidential candidate in the 2023 election, Peter Obi, on Wednesday, urged President Bola Tinubu to suspend his retreat in France and return home to address the ongoing communal clashes and killings across the country.

Obi appealed in a statement posted via his official X account, warning that the President’s continued stay in a foreign land will further exacerbate the rising wave of insecurity in the country.

The plea comes four days after the Presidency dismissed speculation that Tinubu left the shores of the country to see doctors in France, insisting that it was a working visit.

The Special Adviser to the President on Policy Communication, Daniel Bwala, made the clarification when he was featured as a guest on Channels Television’s Politics Today.

PUNCH correspondent, who visited the affected communities on Tuesday, observed that they were located within a five-kilometre range from the military base.

Residents of the affected communities voiced their frustrations over the lack of security response, wondering why the military personnel stationed nearby did not intervene to prevent the attacks or minimise the damage.

“The fact that the attacks occurred without immediate intervention from the nearby military base has raised questions about the effectiveness of security measures in the area. Given the close proximity of the communities to the military base, it would be expected that security forces could respond quickly to such incidents,” a resident, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told The PUNCH.

The incident has sparked calls for an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the attacks and the response of security forces as the villagers mourn their dead.

Efforts to get the Defence Headquarters’ Director of Media Operations, Maj. Gen. Markus Kangye, to comment on the issue were unsuccessful. He didn’t pick up several calls to his mobile line and was yet to respond to the message sent to him on the matter as of the time of filing this report.

Victims recount ordeals

Some of the victims shared their harrowing experiences with The PUNCH, recounting the devastating impact of the violence on their families and communities.

Lancaster Akpa, 49, from Kimakpa, said he lost nine relatives in the attack, including two brothers and seven of their children, while two other relatives are currently receiving treatment in a hospital.

“I was at home in Jos around midnight on Sunday when one of my brothers in the community called me on phone that they were killing our people in the village. I couldn’t sleep any longer after I heard the news. When I called the number back, it was switched off. There was nothing I could do that night,” Akpa said.

“Very early in the morning I set out to the village and found that the attack on the village and the killings were true. From what I gathered in the village, some of those who carried out the attack wore army camouflage while others were in mufti. But they could easily identify them as Fulani.

“So, in all, I lost nine relatives during the attack – two brothers and seven of their children. Not only that, two other relatives who were injured are in the hospital. It’s very devastating that these attacks occurred and apprehending the perpetrators and bringing them to justice is the only way to assuage the feelings of our people.”

Jerry Muwa from Zike also recounted how his family narrowly escaped death during the attack. His son’s house was, however, attacked and after attempts to break the door, the attackers eventually set the house ablaze, killing six children.

Muwa attributed their survival to God’s mercy and expressed the community’s shock and grief over the tragedy.

He said, “We were having a discussion on Sunday when suddenly we started hearing gunshots but we didn’t know the direction they were coming from. At first we thought it was far until we heard it close to us, then we immediately asked the women and children to go into hiding.

“Surprisingly, this people came very prepared, it was God that helped us because they came with the aim of wiping out the whole village, so, that by morning the village would be in ashes. God in His mercy saved us, but those who are gone God took with Him. All that has happened it’s just the grace of God that I am alive.

“These people came and kept banging my son’s door to no avail even after using their guns. When they could not break the door, they burnt the house with all the six children inside. We buried their ashes yesterday (Monday) because there were no bones or flesh, just their ashes. All we have to say is it’s the Lord’s doing and we leave them with God. That’s all i can tell you. I wish this tragedy never happened.”

Gov visits victims

Meanwhile, the paramount ruler of Irigwe Nation, Ronku Aka, on Tuesday expressed gratitude to Plateau State Governor Caleb Mutfwang for visiting Zike and Kimakpa communities following Monday’s attack.

The monarch said, “It has not been easy for us within the past three days .We are very grateful to you the Governor of Plateau State .This killing happened while our people were asleep but we are happy you (governor ) came in a very good time to condole us.

“The Irigwe nation is happy to have you here to commiserate with us over what has happened. There are people who are eagerly waiting to see the downfall of Plateau State but it’s not going to happen. Plateau will continue to grow and the sky is the limit of the state. On behalf of the Irigwe people, the traditional council, Chiefdom of Irigwe and Bassa Local Government Council , being the acting president, I’m going to extend your greetings to them,” the paramount ruler told the governor.

He expressed concerns about the effectiveness of security measures, particularly a security tower with a drone that was erected to monitor the area, adding that despite the existence of the tower, the communities continued to be attacked.

The monarch urged security agents to review the situation and ensure the drone technology was utilised effectively to prevent future attacks.

He also suggested that improving the road network in the community would enable security personnel to respond more quickly to attacks, stating that if the killings continued, there might be no one left in the Irigwe nation within the next three years.

Governor Mutfwang expressed condolences and reassured both communities of his administration’s support during their trying times.

Accompanied by the state’s security chiefs, Governor Mutfwang stated that the government was reengineering the state’s security architecture to forestall further attacks and ensure lasting peace and stability across Plateau State.

“We are here to mourn with you, to pay our respects to those whose lives were cut short by this senseless act of terror. The entire nation is grieving with you, and so is the international community,” the Governor said.

“I have wept since yesterday (Monday) because we believed that all necessary measures were in place to prevent a recurrence of such tragedies. We have made significant investments in security, but as with many human efforts, they sometimes fall short. However, this incident is a painful setback for us, especially as we have made considerable progress in pursuing peace across Plateau State.”

He reiterated his administration’s determination to prevent further loss of innocent lives.

“No one has the right to take the law into their hands. Despite the provocation, we must not allow ourselves to be dragged into the abyss of lawlessness. We remain committed to building a peaceful and prosperous Plateau for all.”

IGP vows action

The Inspector General of Police, Olukayode Egbetokun, has assured the Plateau State Government that the police will work tirelessly to identify and apprehend the masterminds behind the recent attacks on vulnerable communities in the state.

They stated this during a visit to Governor Mutfwang at the Rayfield Government House.

“We condemn in the strongest possible terms these acts of violence. We recognise the severity of the incident and the severity of the situation, and the negative impact on the local farming communities in Plateau State.

NBA Speaks

The Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) is deeply alarmed by the renewed wave of senseless killings in Plateau, Benue and other States, including the horrific massacre of a family of eight and the confirmed death of no fewer than 52 persons in the attack on Zike hamlet in Kimakpa community, Kwall district of Irigwe Chiefdom, Bassa Local Government Area of Plateau State.

These tragic events once again expose the glaring deficiencies in Nigeria’s internal security architecture and underscore the urgent need for immediate, decisive action by the government and security agencies responsible for protecting the lives and property of citizens.

The NBA unequivocally condemns these heinous attacks and calls on all relevant security and law enforcement agencies to rise to the occasion by ensuring that the perpetrators are swiftly apprehended and brought to justice. No society can thrive under the persistent threat of violence. The continued killings not only violate the sanctity of human life but also erode public trust in our institutions and the rule of law.

We remind the Federal and State Governments that Section 14(2)(b) of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) provides unequivocally that:
“The security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of government.”

It is, therefore, constitutionally unacceptable that Nigerians continue to live in fear, while entire communities are being routinely attacked, displaced, and devastated. The NBA calls on President Bola Ahmed Tinubu and the governors of the affected states to urgently deploy robust and coordinated security strategies that prioritize intelligence gathering, rapid response, and the protection of vulnerable communities.

We also urge the Inspector General of Police, the Chief of Army Staff, and other heads of security agencies to act with professionalism, urgency, and purpose in responding to these atrocities. We call on the National Human Rights Commission and civil society organizations to independently monitor these developments to ensure that victims are not forgotten and justice is pursued for every life lost.

The NBA remains resolute in its commitment to the rule of law, the protection of human rights, and the pursuit of justice for all. Our thoughts and prayers are with the bereaved families and communities. May the souls of the departed rest in peace. Amen.

Mazi Afam Osigwe, SAN
President, Nigerian Bar Association

Open Letter to Governor Fubara: The primary duty of the Sole Administrator is to arrest oil pipelines vandals

“Please do not be deceived into talking or holding meeting with the Sole Administrator about the NBA ₦ 300 M-it is the duty of the courts and the EFCC (Remember how King Jaja was tricked into a meeting with Consul Johnston).”

By Dr. Tonye Clinton Jaja.

Your Excellency, Sir Siminialayi Fubara, GSSRS,

I am writing you this letter in my capacity as a lawyer of twenty-one (21) years, out of which 19 years has been dedicated in honing my expertise in the area of legislative law when I was awarded a Master of Laws (LLM) in Legislative Drafting degree in the year 2006.

By the grace of Almighty God, Jehovah, I was also awarded a PhD in law degree with specialisation in Legislative Drafting by the University of London.

The Rivers State Government provided a fully funded scholarship for my PhD degree, so I consider it a payback to provide this free legal advice and advisory on an issue of public interest pertaining to Rivers State.

Without further ado, let me go ahead to provide you with my legal advice as follows:

  1. The legislation ( State of Emergency (Rivers State) Proclamation, 2025),” enacted pursuant to Section 305 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999) that PURPORTEDLY Proclaimed the State of Emergency in Rivers State is fundamentally flawed on three grounds as follows (1) the conditions precedents that ought to arise or pre-empt the declaration of a State of Emergency had not existed in actual fact before the 18th March 2025, (2) the requirement of two-thirds majority votes of the 469 members of the National Assembly was not satisfied as testified to be both Senator Aminu Tambuwal and a member of the House of Representatives and (3) there is a 2001 ECOWAS Treaty legislation that forbids both Nigeria and other governments of ECOWAS countries from utilising non-elected officials (such as the Sole Administrator of Rivers State) in the governance of both national and sub-national governments.
  2. Flowing from the foregoing, in the event that you are issued a letter of invitation by the said Sole Administrator of Rivers State, either your good self or your lawyers would do well to the first the following questions as follows: (1) in view of the recent disclaimer issued by the Government of the Sole Administrator that fraudsters are using his own name and the Office of the Secretary to the Rivers State Government to issue different letters, let him confirm the authenticity by publishing the said letter in at least three daily newspapers with national spread; (2) since Governor Fubara is a governor elected on the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) whose Governors have recently filed a lawsuit against the Federal Government at the Supreme Court of Nigeria. The primary issue for determination is whether both the legislation purporting to proclaim a State of Emergency in Rivers and the appointment of the Sole Administrator is in accordance with the Nigerian Constitution. Therefore, lawyers it follows logically that the issue of sub-judice arises and prevents the Sole Administrator from taking further action such as issuing any summons or invitation to Governor Fubara;
  3. The House of Representatives, National Assembly, has recently announced that they have established a 21-man Committee to oversight Rivers State headed by its Majority Leader, Prof. Julius Ihonvbere. The House of Representatives, National Assembly, announced that this Committee is part of the Resolution when they allegedly voted in favour of the Proclamation of a State of Emergency in Rivers State. The implication is that lawyers to His Excellency Governor Fubara ought to confirm from the said Committee whether any summons or invitation from the Sole Administrator has received their prior legislative approval;
  4. Assuming though not conceding that all the preceding pre-requisite requirements having been satisfied, another crucial question is whether the Sole Administrator’s purported summons of invitation to Governor Fubara and his Deputy (for purposes of providing documents regarding their financial transactions including the payment of the ₦300,000,000 to the Nigerian Bar Association-NBA) is in accordance with the primary function assigned to him under the purported legislation that Proclaimed a State of Emergency in Rivers State. The answer is an emphatic “no”. The primary duty of the Sole Administrator is to apprehend the militants and oil pipelines vandals. However, since his assumption of office on 20th March 2025, the Sole Administrator has not yet announced the arrest of even one oil pipelines vandal. This primary duty/assignment of the Sole Administrator of Rivers State was clearly stated in a statement issued by the Attorney-General of the Federation (AGF) dated 20th March 2025. In the said statement, the primary reason and justification for proclamation of a State of Emergency in Rivers State was that there was imminent break down of law and order, and security on the grounds that Governor Fubara was “Tele-Guiding” militants to blow up oil pipelines in Rivers State. Another reason was to save Governor Fubara from impeachment by the Amaewhule led Rivers State House of Assembly. The first part is captured in both the long title and preamble to the said legislation which reads as follows: “State of Emergency (Rivers State) Proclamation, 2025,” President Tinubu cited Section 305 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999, and other enabling powers to restore good governance, peace, security, and order in Rivers State.”The gazette partly read: “Constitution Of The Federal Republic Of Nigeria 1999 As Amended State Of Emergency (RIVERS STATE) Proclamation, 2025. “Whereas, there is a clear and present danger of an imminent breakdown of public order and public safety in Rivers State of Nigeria, which require extraordinary measures to avert such danger. “Whereas, there is a clear and present danger of the looming crisis in Rivers State which, if left unchecked, could degenerate, leading to massive loss of lives and property in the State:”Whereas, extraordinary measures are required to restore good governance, peace, security and order in Rivers State:”NOW therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred upon me by section 305 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 and all other powers enabling me in that behalf, I, BOLA AHMED TINUBU, GCFR, President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigera, hereby make the following proclamation.”Proclamation of a State of Emergency in Rivers State: As from the commencement of this Proclamation, a State of Emergency is hereby declared in Rivers State…”
  5. According to the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps Act, 2007, it is the primary duty of the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps to arrest oil pipelines vandals anywhere in Nigeria, instead of the Federal Government (and the Sole Administrator) of Nigeria to abide by this legislation to comply with this legislation by requesting a formal report from the said statutory agency on the status of oil pipelines vandalism in Rivers State as a pre-requisite justification for proclamation of a State of Emergency in Rivers State and thereafter, the President and the AGF (and now the Sole Administrator) are acting unilaterally based upon their own whims and caprices without any shred of empirical evidence to support the allegations of a breakdown of law and order and security in Rivers State;
  6. Assuming though not conceding that the decision to pay ₦300,000,000 (three hundred million naira) to the Nigerian Bar Association-NBA by the administration of Governor Fubara is a fraudulent activity, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) which is estimated under the EFCC Act, 2003 is the government agency that has the responsibility to undertake such investigation and recovery of the said sum of money. Therefore, the lawyers of Governor Fubara should do well to point this out. Also, it is important to point out to the Sole Administrator that even the EFCC is not an autocratic institution, all its steps in investigation and recovery of funds are subjected and supported by orders of court of law, therefore, the Sole Administrator might learn from that to seek an Order of a court of law in taking steps such as writing summons or invitation to Governor Fubara.

Having dealt with the legal issues, let me conclude by using evidence and lessons from history to provide advice to His Excellency Governor Fubara on why he should be circumspect in honouring any summons or invitation from either the Sole Administrator or the Committees of the National Assembly.

Your Excellency, Governor Fubara, you yourself attended the secondary school located at Opobo town.

Did you know that the secondary school was originally built in the year 1944 with the sum of £11,420 that was ordered by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to be paid to the descendants of King Jaja of Opobo.

According to the United Kingdom, the said money was paid as compensation for the illegal “kidnapping” of King Jaja in the year 1887. The kidnapping was done by the British Consul Harry Hamilton Johnston who had invited King Jaja for a meeting aboard the ship named HMS GOSHAWK.

HEREIN LIES THE LIES, YOUR EXCELLENCY, SIR, PLEASE KINDLY SHINE YOUR EYES, BE CIRCUMSPECT IN ACCEPTING TO SPEAK ON ANY MATTER OR ATTENDING ANY MEETING WITH THE SAID SOLE ADMINISTRATOR OF RIVERS STATE.

Remember that on the face of it, the purpose of the said meeting between Johnston and King Jaja was to have an amicable discussion on how to resolve the issues of trade disputes between the Kingdom of Opobo and the traders of the British Empire and their allies.

REMEMBER THAT THERE ARE BETRAYERS AND SELL-OUTS.

It is on record that the then King of Grand Bonny was one of those who advised the British officials to kidnap King Jaja and remove him from the Niger Delta region because King Jaja was dominating the palm oil trade within the region.

Also, remember that Chief Uranta, who ran away from Opobo Kingdom to establish Queen’s town was also a betrayer and one of the excuses that the colonial British officials used as justification to kidnap and exile King Jaja. The British alleged that King Jaja was forcing people like Chief Uranta and other smaller Kings to swear juju others who were converts to Christianity.

Your Excellency Sir, let me conclude by appealing that you please kindly take time to read the entire story as I have culled it from different historical sources.

Your name has already been written in gold in the annals of Nigerian history as one of those who resisted illegality just like your forebear, King Jaja of Opobo!!!

Yours faithfully,
Dr. Tonye Clinton Jaja.
16th April 2025.

Below are the stories and references as follows:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/718465-K.C. Murray, Opobo Today in AFRICAN TIMES, 1944, page 134 wrote: “The Parliament of the United Kingdom voted £11,420 in settlement of a 50 year old claim against the”KIDNAPPING” of King Jaja by Consul (Sir) Harry Johnston in 1887. In this they were assisted by Sir William Geary, Mr. Sorensen, M.P. and Colonel Ponsonby M.P. A report says that the money was used to provide a secondary school.

Joseph Davey, Department of History, Humanities and Languages, University of Houston, USA in his writing which is published online, provides a copy of the letter from Johnston to King Jaja of Opobo (1887) wherein he, Johnston reassures king Jaja that the purpose of the meeting was to discuss and reach amicable solutions.

Although King Jaja initially turned down the invitation because he …
Jaja requested that Johnston send a white man to Opobo to be held until he was safely returned from the palaver. Johnston refused this: see https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-582?p=emailAmva8eKP3208.&d=/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-582

Another source of rich information on the history of King Jaja is Elias Ediase Courson’s PhD thesis submitted to the University of Berkeley in the year 2016, it is available online at: https://www.google.com/search?q=Elias+Courson+king+jaja+opobo+University+of+Berkeley&client=ms-android-transsion&sca_esv=26ff8a3d5dba2cb8&biw=360&bih=688&sxsrf=AHTn8zo-95OthEYkZs2R5s4zkTJ8T6veCA%3A1744787190061&ei=9lb_Z8-9A52qhbIPzYaQwQY&oq=Elias+Courson+king+jaja+opobo+University+of+Berkeley&gs_lp=EhNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwIjRFbGlhcyBDb3Vyc29uIGtpbmcgamFqYSBvcG9ibyBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIEJlcmtlbGV5MggQABiABBiiBDIFEAAY7wUyBRAAGO8FMgUQABjvBTIFEAAY7wVIx0tQ_RNYv0twAHgAkAEAmAHDBKABihqqAQkyLTIuNC4xLjK4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgagAscTwgIIEAAYsAMY7wWYAwCIBgGQBgOSBwUzLTMuM6AH-RqyBwUzLTMuM7gHxxM&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp#vhid=zephyr:0&vssid=atritem-https://escholarship.org/content/qt8rp958w7/qt8rp958w7.pdf

1887, Harry Johnston, then the British Consul for the Niger delta region, sent King Jaja of Opobo a letter offering him two options: either sign an agreement to step down as monarch and be exiled to the Gold Coast for trial or return to Opobo as an enemy of the British Crown, which would justify the use of force against Opobo.

This letter was part of a larger strategy by Johnston to exert British control over the region and remove Jaja, who was a powerful and independent ruler, from his position.

Details of the Letter and its Context:

Two Choices :
Johnston presented Jaja with a stark choice, essentially forcing his hand.

Forced Exile:
One option was to sign an agreement to step down and be sent to the Gold Coast for trial, effectively exiling him.

Justification for Force :
The other option was to return to Opobo, where Johnston could then justify the use of British naval force against the town and its inhabitants.
Underhanded Tactics:
Johnston’s actions were widely condemned as manipulative and a miscarriage of justice even within the British government.

Jaja’s Concession :
Jaja, facing the threat of violence against his people and considering the safety of his son and chiefs in England, ultimately accepted Johnston’s demands and agreed to exile.

Another historical source is the Hansard (verbatim report of the debates of any Parliament) of Friday 2nd March, 1888 (one year after the trial of King Jaja), for the avoidance of any doubts, a verbatim record of the said Hansard is reproduced hereunder:
“The text on this page has been created from Hansard archive context, it may contain typographical errors.
MR. W. REDMOND
(Fermanagh, N)
Asked the under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, whether he will state the circumstances attending the conviction and exile of king Jaja of Opobo, whether he will inform the house what offence the king was charged with, and what evidence was brought in support of the charge and why the trial took place at Accra, a place 600 miles from Opobo, where the king had no friends and no means of meeting the charges brought against him?”

THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE
(Sir JAMES FERGUSSON) (Manchester, N.E.)
Real Admiral Sir William Hunt-Grubbe, commanding the West African Squadron, was directed to inquire into the charges against king Ja-Ja of Opobo, it was proved to the satisfaction of the Admiral that Ja-Ja had incited armed resistance to her Majesty’s Consul when he visited the upper waters in order to open the interior to British trade, so that he (British Consul) was forced back and that he (Ja-Ja) had broken the conditions of the Protectorate Treaty (1884).”

The views expressed by contributors are strictly personal and not of Law & Society Magazine.

Breaking! DSS official accused of attempted murder of a lawyer disappears from police custody in Ebonyi

An officer of the Department of State Services (DSS), Anyim Chukwudi Christian, who was arrested over the attempted murder of a legal practitioner, Chief Okeke Decency Onu (Esq), has reportedly vanished from police custody in Ebonyi State, months after he was arrested. 

SaharaReporters learnt that the DSS officer was apprehended after a brutal assault on the lawyer in a local restaurant in Ishiagu, Ivo Local Government Area of the state.

Sources told SaharaReporters that Mr. Anyim Chukwudi, who serves in Cross River State, attacked on April 6, 2024, alongside his brother, Mr. Anyim Eugene Anyata, amid a land dispute that had been the subject of legal proceedings. 

The victim, Chief Okeke, was the attorney representing the John Igwo Chukwu Okavor Otti family in a trespass case against Mr. Anyim Eugene.

According to a source, the attack occurred between 9 p.m. and 10 p.m. at DEJAS restaurant, a popular local eatery. 

Chief Okeke was eating roasted catfish and holding a business meeting with two colleagues when the suspects stormed in with weapons, including a pistol and beer bottles. 

“Mr. Anyim Chukwudi smashed a beer bottle on Chief Okeke’s head. His brother, Eugene, did the same. Another man tried to stab him with a broken bottle,” the source stated.

 “He somehow escaped and hid behind a building. There was blood everywhere.”

Photographs obtained by SaharaReporters showed the legal practitioner with deep gashes on his scalp and ear, both of which were stitched during a prolonged hospital stay. 

Meanwhile, doctors confirmed he suffered a cracked skull and other serious injuries, spending months under intensive care.

Family members and colleagues believe the attack was a direct retaliation for Chief Okeke’s legal work in the land dispute.

“In June 2023, after Mr. Eugene Anyata forcibly trespassed on the land belonging to the Okavor Otti family, Chief Okeke issued a Pre-Action Notice as instructed by the family,” a family source explained. “After that, the threats began.”

The threats allegedly escalated in March 2024 when Mr. Anyata vowed to kill the lawyer in broad daylight. 

However,  Chief Okeke reported the threats to the Divisional Police Officer at Ivo Police Station. “Nothing was done,” the family source lamented.

Following the April 6 assault, the police invited Mr. Anyim Chukwudi for questioning and released him on bail on April 7, 2024. 

However, he jumped bail and ignored repeated police summons, reportedly boasting that “DSS is superior to the Nigerian Police” and that he had “immunity” for any actions taken in the line of duty.

“He threatened again, saying he would make Chief Okeke disappear and nothing would happen,” the source said.

Despite multiple formal requests from the Ebonyi State Commissioner of Police, the DSS allegedly failed to produce Mr. Anyim Chukwudi for further interrogation.

 But on January 9, 2025, police officers stormed his residence and re-arrested him after he resisted and called on family members to assault the officers.

“He was eventually detained at the Ebonyi State Police Command,” a police source confirmed. “But he fled again before we could arraign him.”

Meanwhile, Chief Okeke has reportedly submitted a formal complaint to the NBA President, urging immediate action and protection for legal practitioners across the country.

Meanwhile, the Deputy Commissioner of Police, Criminal Investigation Department (CID), Nigeria Police Force, State Headquarters, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, has written to the Director-General, Directorate of State Security Services (DSS), Abuja, seeking confirmation of the identity of a suspect who claims to be a serving operative of the DSS.

In an official letter dated January 13, 2025, and signed by DCP Marvelous P. Ikoriovbe, Deputy Commissioner of Police, Criminal Investigation Department, Ebonyi State Command, with Reference Number: CB:3620/EBS/X/X-SQD/VOL., the police department requested clarification regarding the suspect, identified as Anyim Chukwudi (male).

Haa

The letter was titled: “Arrest of Member of the Force – Re: Anyim Chukwudi ‘M'”.

According to the contents of the letter, “This office is currently investigating the above-named suspect in connection with a case of attempted murder.

“During preliminary interrogation, the suspect informed this office that he is a serving officer of the Directorate of State Security Services (DSS), attached to the Cross River State Command.

“In view of the above, we kindly request that your office confirm whether the suspect is indeed a bona fide member of your agency as claimed. He is presently in our custody, and the verification is necessary to assist in further investigation and interrogation.” 

The police further assured the DSS of their cooperation and professionalism in handling the case, adding, “Please accept the assurances of my highest regards.”

Police Investigation Report 

On June 13, 2024, the Commissioner of Police, Ebonyi State, received a report involving a case of conspiracy and attempted murder. The complaint was filed by Barrister Okeke Decency Onu against three individuals: Ayanta Kingsley Ayim (43), Chukwudi Christian Ayim (34), a Department of State Services (DSS) officer, and one Nnamdi (surname unknown, 41), who remains at large.

The incident occurred on April 6, 2024, at Dejas Hotel, Amuonye Ishiagu in Ivo Local Government Area, where the complainant and colleagues—Prof. Barr. Uchenna J. Orji and Barr. Arochukwu Paul Ogbonna—had gathered for a discussion. 

During their meeting, Ayanta Kingsley Ayim confronted Barr. Ogbonna over a pre-action notice previously served on him concerning a land dispute. 

This confrontation escalated violently when Kingsley, along with his brother Chukwudi and Nnamdi, allegedly attacked Barr. Okeke with broken beer bottles, inflicting serious head and ear injuries.

Eyewitnesses confirmed the attack. Barr. Arochukwu Ogbonna, present during the incident, stated that Kingsley and Nnamdi suddenly launched the attack. 

Chukwudi also struck Barr. Okeke with a beer bottle, and Nnamdi threatened another colleague with a broken bottle. 

Mr. Orji Lawrence Ovia, another witness, corroborated the violent actions and threats made by the suspects. 

A family member of the complainant’s clients, Erube Igwe, added that the suspects had a history of threatening those involved in the land dispute.

The case was initially handled at the Ivo Divisional Headquarters, where Kingsley and Chukwudi were arrested and later released on bail. 

However, due to the seriousness of the case, it was escalated to the Commissioner of Police and assigned to the X-Squad for further investigation.

The X-Squad began its work on April 10, 2024, by recording the complainant’s statement and collecting photographic evidence of the injuries. 

A request for case materials and suspect transfer was sent to Ivo Division. Only Kingsley was produced; Chukwudi and Nnamdi were not. 

However, multiple letters were also sent to the DSS, requesting Chukwudi’s presence for interrogation, but he failed to appear.

A meeting was convened by the Commissioner of Police with all parties, during which further testimonies were gathered, and the CP ordered that the remaining suspects be presented for proper review of the case. 

Statements from the witnesses supported the complainant’s account.

The investigating officer, Inspector Alimezie Collins, confirmed that the suspects had been arrested, their statements taken, and that a medical report was issued to the victim. 

He also stated that the scene was visited and photographs were taken as part of the investigation.

Kingsley Ayim, in his defence, denied identifying the complainant clearly due to darkness at the scene and maintained he had no intent to attack anyone.

As of the report date, one suspect remains at large, and the DSS officer Chukwudi Ayim has yet to comply with investigative procedures, stalling the conclusion of the case. 

SaharaReporters

Associate Prof. persecuted and unfairly sacked 24 years ago by UniUyo is dead

Inih Ebong, an associate professor of theatre arts, who was unjustly sacked 24 years ago by the University of Uyo (UniUyo) in Akwa Ibom State, is dead.

73-year-old Ebong died in the early hours of Wednesday, 16 April, at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, his wife, Uduak, told PREMIUM TIMES around 7 a.m.

“He is gone,” Uduak said in a quavering voice.

Uduak said Mr Ebong stayed awake into the late night and was talking continuously from his sickbed while she tried to persuade him to calm down and sleep. She said she later fell asleep, only to wake up and realise that he was lifeless. “I ran out to the nurses. They came in and confirmed he’s dead,” she said.

UniUyo unjustly sacked the lecturer in 2002 for persistently criticising the university’s authorities over alleged corruption and maladministration.

The university published a disclaimer on him in a national daily to scare off other potential employers.

Since then, five successive vice-chancellors failed to reinstate and pay Mr Ebong his accumulated salary and other entitlements despite a string of court victories, including last December’s Court of Appeal judgement, which finalised litigation over the illegal termination of his appointment.

Being out of job for over two decades, the lecturer could hardly feed himself and his family, let alone take care of his medical treatment.

Ebong was diagnosed with cardiac failure in October 2020. Doctors did not give him much chance of survival before a Nigerian billionaire and philanthropist, Femi Otedola, stepped in to fund his medical treatment following a PREMIUM TIMES report.

A private hospital in Uyo treated him. He was showing signs of recovery until he relapsed last February. His two feet were swollen, creating the suspicion of a kidney problem. Through his private doctor’s referral, he was moved to the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital in March.

‘I want to go home’

On Sunday, 13 April, Mr Ebong called a PREMIUM TIMES reporter from his sickbed and complained, “I have stayed here too long. It’s as if I am in prison. I want to go home.”

His young daughter was by his bedside when Mr Ebong made the call.

“It would be a shame, the blood of Dr Inih Ebong will be on the management, will be on the Senate and the Governing Council of the University of Uyo if Dr Inih Ebong dies, without getting justice,” a human rights lawyer, Inibehe Effiong, said in 2020 when he flew in from Lagos to show sympathy and solidarity with the lecturer.

The late Ebong, from Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, had his secondary education at the Etinan Institute in Akwa Ibom.

He obtained his first degree at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and his postgraduate studies at the University of Birmingham in the UK.

Governor Soludo’s native doctors

By Funke Egbemode

His body was still warm but the steady stream of blood flowing from his neck showed that he would not be alive for much longer. A pair of scissors was found beside him. The scissors had been swiftly used to cut the vein in his neck while he was still alive and begging for his life. The old farmer who found him raised the alarm but the dying man died before they got him to the hospital.

Five days later, another man, another victim was found not far from the same spot. His jugular vein had been severed with a pair of scissors too. He bled to death, still fully clothed in round- neck shirt and denim.

According to findings, the native doctor behind the scissors ritual has told his clients to bring the ‘life blood’ of a man still breathing that he would be used to concoct a potion that would make them rich overnight. Those two bodies were found somewhere in Ogun State.

Somewhere in Lagos State, policemen at a checkpoint caught a mother and her son with fresh, still-bleeding head of her other son wrapped in a rice sack. The witch doctor had told his client that she had to sacrifice the head of one son to make the other son rich.

In Osun State, it was a young undergraduate who connived with his mother to kill his girlfriend. Their ‘native doctor’ had requested for the heart of a woman for the sacrifice. So the desperate undergraduate lured his girlfriend to his mean mum in Osun. They drugged the girl who thought she was home to meet her future mother-in-law and delivered her to the native doctor who removed her heart. All three were caught with the heart.

In October 2024, a girl was found bound hands and feet in a hotel in Osogbo. Her Yahoo boyfriend had secured her in the room and gone to discuss how she would be sacrificed for rituals to make him wealthy with his ‘collaborators’.

From Kaura Namoda to Uyo, each day these days seem to be throwing in our faces new and more gory cases of ritual killings. The actors are usually young men who have been brainwashed by evil men who have convinced them that there are shorter routes to the market of wealth and success than hard work.

‘Bring the hymen of a virgin and you will be richer than Dangote.

‘Bring the head of two maidens and you will be richer than Mike Adenuga’

‘All you need to do is bath in broad daylight on a popular street in Lekki’.

‘Rub your manhood with this potion and sleep with seven virgins. All their life’s wealth will be yours.’

Our world is now full of young men who think education is scam and hard work is for the stupid. They have found allies in red-wrapper-tying bigger scammers, and worst still, all of them are being protected by mothers, parents who want to eat the ‘fruits of their labour’ now. Family values and societal values have finally been swallowed by instant wealth and fake native doctors.

In developed societies, Yahoo means a new media platform and search engine. In Nigeria, it is a frightening word. It evokes blood, stumps of bodies without heads and female corpses without breasts and gouged out eyes.

It’s not new course of disgraceful dearth of values. It is just worse now. From the days of Otokoto Saga to the 2004 police discovery of Okija shrine in Anambra State, the belief that human organs and blood contain alternatives to hard work and good education have continued to gain traction. Though the emphasis has shifted from oath-swearing diabolical politicians to placenta-eating young men who will rather die young than live long in poverty.

Unfortunately, in most states, the sample horror stories here have ended in varieties of cul de sac embarrassment with the authorities spewing suspicious lines.

‘The case is in court.’

‘It has been adjourned till next year.’

‘Investigation is still on.’

Even where there were convictions, the governors were too afraid to sign death warrants where they were necessary.

At the very best, the governors and the government organised workshops and seminars where they had ‘robust discussions’ by already ‘robust panelists’ who dissected papers delivered by very robust scholars.

End of story. So, the ritual continues.

Enter Professor Charles Chukwuma Soludo, Governor of Anambra and former Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. He had had enough of the fake DiBia nonsense and deceit. So he took an axe to one of the roots of the problem, the scammers posing as powerful native doctors. He hauled them into jail; charms, incantations, red wrapper, everything. And if you were expecting them to mumble some magical lines, hit their feet on the ground and disappear out of police custody, it didn’t happen. Maybe they couldn’t do it because they did not have such powers or their areas of specialty were money rituals only. Maybe they just didn’t want to frighten Governor Soludo. Whichever one it is or was, Prof has humbled the fake native doctors. And why shouldn’t he? Their offenses are great.

The Governor has hard evidence. ‘One of the native doctors from Okija we arrested who is always boasting of making people rich under four days, his son is a waiter in a hotel in Owerri. ‘

Don’t laugh, there’s more.

‘They make our youths believe they could carry drugs abroad and when they enter the airport, the white man’s scanner will go blind and they will go with their drugs. When they get arrested, they tell them it’s because they winked at a woman at the airport and that was why the charm failed.’

Pathetic! You see why Prof was pissed! Anambra State has ‘representatives’ in every jail across the world because of these fake men.

Professor Soludo’s pain, like that of his other colleagues, is the deceit of these fake native doctors and how they continue to let our young men get into foreign jails instead of into wealth. To prove that he knew what he was doing, he gave all the arrested old ‘scamping’ rascals (as my late boss, Dimgba Igwe would have called them), get-out-of-jail-free-cards; disappear from police custody and all charges will be dropped.

When I heard that last part, I was happy for them and waited for the news of their magical escape. But no, these fake native doctors ‘fall my hand’. Their “ofe’or ‘egbe’ did not fly them out of police custody. All 30 of them could not. Their ‘oke-ite’ failed. The ones who were not caught have since fled with their fake tails in between their frightened legs.

Seriously, how did we get to this point where all our inadequacies are now research materials and topics? Once upon a time,  our family values used to be objects and subjects of pride. Young men had role models in the society. Daughters wanted to be like their mothers. These oke-ite hawkers and babalawos-without- NAFDAC-numbers knew that the family units have failed so they moved in to raise our unraised children. They saw parents chasing what was not running and steadily moved into our children’s heads and minds to teach them evil. With ordinary chalks and dusting powder with two yards of red fabric as paraphernalia, they turned themselves into destiny changers.

Bring blood.

Bring human heart.

Kill your grandfather.

Bring the breasts of the woman you love most.

The scamming rascals promised our youths invisibility and invincibility. They filled their heads with all kinds of alternatives to the truth and the gullible, untrained and unbaked children end up in world prisons instead of on world map’s achievement in science and technology.

The real native doctors who inherited real powers from their forebearers are still where they are. They do not boast, they do not advertise. With the number of ritual killings that have been reported, shouldn’t Nigeria be full of billionaires? Shouldn’t our economy have improved? Why are our roads full of vehicles that were manufactured 20 years ago after several severed manhood and harvested organs?

Where are the parents who will save our tomorrow?  Why are our governors afraid to take the axe to the root of this evil, like their colleague in Anambra? Is it that they simply don’t care or are there things they know about this crime they are not telling us?

Breaking! UK Supreme Court backs biological definition of ‘woman’

Britain’s highest court on Wednesday held that the legal definition of a woman is based on biological sex.

“The unanimous decision of this court is that the terms woman and sex in the Equality Act 2010 refer to a biological woman and biological sex,” Patrick Hodge, deputy president of the Supreme Court, said as he delivered his judgment on Wednesday.

It will be seen as a landmark victory for gender-critical feminist campaigners who have long argued biological sex is immutable, and a blow for transgender rights activists. The ruling could have far-reaching implications for the provision of single-sex spaces and other gender-specific public services across Scotland, England and Wales.

The U.K. government said the ruling had brought “clarity and confidence” for women and service providers such as hospitals, refuges, and sports clubs.

“Single-sex spaces are protected in law and will always be protected by this government,” a spokesperson said in a statement following the ruling. 

Kishwer Falkner, chair of the equalities watchdog the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), said the judgement had addressed challenges faced by those seeking to maintain single-sex spaces, and the rights of same-sex attracted persons to form associations.

The long-running legal challenge was brought by the For Women Scotland campaign group — who argue sex is biological, binary and can’t be changed — against the Scottish government.

The case dates back to 2018 when the Scottish administration, led by then-First Minister Nicola Sturgeon, passed legislation to establish gender quotas to get more women serving on public boards.

It was eventually amended to count trans women with gender recognition certificates, confirming their female gender, as women for the purposes of the legislation.

Scottish courts ruled, and then upheld in the Scottish government’s favor, that sex is “not limited to biological or birth sex,” and must include those in possession of a gender recognition certificate (GRC).

But that was challenged in London’s Supreme Court by campaigners. And, in its ruling Wednesday, the country’s highest court said the meaning of the terms “sex,” “man” and “woman” in the U.K.’s Equality Act must refer to “biological sex” — with any other interpretation deemed “incoherent and impracticable.”

The summary of the court ruling read: “Therefore, a person with a Gender Recognition Certificate in the female gender does not come within the definition of a ‘woman’ under the Equality Act 2010 and the statutory guidance issued by the Scottish ministers is incorrect.”

Trans rights campaigners had warned that if the court deemed a Gender Recognition Certificate insufficient to change one’s sex in the eyes of the Equality Act, then transgender people would lose protections they have against discrimination. 

Following the ruling Scottish Greens MSP Maggie Chapman warned the ruling was “deeply concerning” for human rights, and “a huge blow to some of the most marginalised people in our society.”

It could remove important protections and leave many trans people “deeply anxious and worried about how their lives will be affected and about what will come next,” she said.

Hodge stressed that the ruling should not be seen as the triumph of one group over another, and pointed out that the Equality Act still gives protection to transgender people “not only against discrimination through the protected characteristic of gender reassignment, but also against direct discrimination, indirect discrimination and harassment in substance in their acquired gender.”

Opposition Conservative Party Leader Kemi Badenoch, a former equalities minister, described the ruling as a “victory for all of the women who faced personal abuse or lost their jobs for stating the obvious.” 

 “Saying ‘trans women are women’ was never true in fact, and now isn’t true in law either,” she added.

Credits: POLITICO

Brief-Writing: What’s your theme?

By Chinua Asuzu

Recall Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (HL).

Ms Donoghue went to a café with her friend. The friend bought her some ginger beer. Donoghue drank it, only to find a snail’s decomposed remains in the opaque bottle. Donoghue took ill and successfully sued the ginger-beer manufacturer.

The facts cried out for justice, although the state of Scottish and English law in 1932 provided no relief. Donoghue’s theme was the emotionally nourished and fact-based one that an innocent party who suffers from another party’s wrongful act should be compensated, even if the parties had no contract. Stevenson’s theme was the emotionally malnourished and law-based one that a third party who had no contract with a delinquent party had no remedy for wrong caused by the delinquent party.

Moved by Donoghue’s theme, the House of Lords transplanted from the Bible and translated into legal language the maxim Love thy neighbor—a shared value in 1930s British society.

Develop a theme throughout your brief. In most cases, your theme should be implicit rather than explicit. Select an appropriate level of subtlety. It shouldn’t be so subtle that it’s missed, but it needn’t be announced. Typically, the theme should be left for the judicial reader’s discernment. The judicial reader’s contribution entrenches judicial buy-in.

The theme is the subtle, emotional underpinning of the theory of the case. Without a theme, your brief will suffer a deficiency in rhetorical allure and manure. “Themes involve right and wrong, good and bad. Theme is about what’s just and moral. To create a theme, imagine you’re in a jurisdiction with no laws, a jurisdiction in which all that counts is justice and morality.” Gerald Lebovits, ‘Do’s, Don’ts, and Maybes: Legal Writing Do’s–Part 1,’ New York State Bar Association Journal (May 2007), 64.

In such a jurisdiction, why should you win? The answer is your theme. Point to “the paramount equities in the client’s favor and the distressing injustice that would follow if the client loses.” William J. Holloway Jr (quoted in Ruggero J. Aldisert, Winning on Appeal: Better Briefs and Oral Argument, 2nd ed. [NITA, 2003], 245).

Your theory of the case may keep you on the right side of jurisprudence, but your theme should keep you on the right side of justice.

In literature, the theme “is the abstract concept that is made concrete through representation in person, action, and image.” William J. Holloway Jr (quoted in Ruggero J. Aldisert, Winning on Appeal: Better Briefs and Oral Argument, 2nd ed. [NITA, 2003], 245).

In Telephone Conversation, Wole Soyinka concretizes in a tableau of marvelous artistry the abstract concept of racism. The theme of Telephone Conversation is the absurdity and sheer idiocy of racial discrimination. In case you didn’t know how inane racial discrimination was, Telephone Conversation teaches you.

The characterization of theme in literature as the moral of the story is helpful in constructing a theme in advocacy. Addressing questions like why your client’s cause is just and the other side’s unjust, and what your bottom-line point is, will help you develop a theme. Kenneth D. Chestek, ‘The Plot Thickens: The Appellate Brief as Story,’ 14 Journal of the Legal Writing Institute (2008), 127, 146.

In William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Mark Antony’s funeral oration proved more compelling than the justification offered by the noble Brutus, not because of the facts presented in either, but because of Mark Antony’s superior thematic development. Antony’s eulogy was an emotional trigger that provoked a counterrevolution.

A clinical, detached, overly formal, or sterile writing style may undermine the building of a theme, as it tends to make the writing sound neutral.

Summarized from Chinua Asuzu, Brief-Writing Master Plan (Partridge, 2022), 22–33.

Watch video of herdsmen taunting and flaunting huge cash, as Kanu’s lawyer laments, ’Nigeria is under herdsmen siege’

A video that is making the rounds online shows men suspected to be kidnappers cum herdsmen celebrating, taunting and flaunting large amounts of cash suspected to be ransom money.

This is even as one of the lawyers to detained leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), Nnamdi Kanu, Barrister Ifeanyi Ejiofor, has called on President Bola Tinubu to take immediate and decisive action to end the killings and bloodbath currently going on in several parts of the country perpetrated by bandits suspected to be Fulani militias.

Ejiofor, in a statement he shared on his X page on Tuesday, said the government must intervene to end what he described as unchecked carnage carried out by rampaging herdsmen across several states in Nigeria.

He condemned the wave of violence in Plateau, Benue, Edo, Delta and Enugu States, asserting that Nigeria is currently in the grips of a “grave national tragedy.”

“Each day, new casualty figures are reported by the media, reducing human lives to mere statistics, as though we were counting livestock,” Ejiofor stated in the statement.

He lamented the daily toll of innocent lives lost, which he described as “barbaric” and decried the government’s response as “complicit silence.”

“Behind those numbers are mothers, fathers, children, and breadwinners.

“This is a shameful indictment on our government and an affront to our shared humanity.”

Ejiofor also tasked the Tinubu-led administration and the affected state governors to fulfil their constitutional obligations to protect lives and property.

“The continuous slaughter of innocent Nigerians by marauding herdsmen and the government’s inertia in the face of this carnage is both condemnable and unacceptable. Enough must finally be enough—and must be seen to be so,” he added.

Below is a video of the celebratory herdsmen.

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