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Breaking: #EndSARS protest taking fearful colouration in Abuja as cars burnt, reprisal attacks on; Lagos shuts schools

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The #EndSARS protests in Abuja is assuming dangerous colouration as alleged pro-SARS thugs burnt tens of cars and became subjects of reprisal attacks in the Apo District of Abuja, home to traders and mechanics.

At press time, no word had come from authorities as angry traders chased around the alleged hoodlums with axes and cudgels.

Some of the other disturbing pictures and videos could not be verified at press time, so Everyday.ng cannot publish them.

Recall that the Minister of Youths and Social Development, Sunday Dare, after a meeting with President Muhammadu Buhari on Monday told journalists that the President recognised the right of the youths to protest, but cautioned against violence.

His words: “First, Mr President said as far as he was concerned, it is important to allow the younger generation to exercise the freedom to protest, but he did say that such protests must be in a peaceful manner.

“Of course, he is worried about some of the exceptions to the peaceful nature of the protests.

“For him, it is important that these protests are properly guided. He said part of the demands that were made was to ensure those protesting are protected and any police officer that has in one way or the other attacked any protester be brought to book.

“So, Mr President thinks it is a fundamental human right, so long as the protest is peaceful and focused. He said he has been responsive to demands put forward by the protesters.

“He believes the youth to a very large extent are law-abiding, they are young people with dreams and expectations of the government and the society and that they have a right to demand for certain things, which is why he has a very attentive ear to their demands….

“The President spoke directly on Monday, condemning the killings, particularly the extra-judicial killings that have occurred before, police brutality and approving investigation and to bring the guilty to book. That is one level of conversation.

“Last week, we had a virtual town-hall meeting in which we had the police PRO and myself engaging with over 145 youths online, where they asked numerous questions.

“We provided updates and the police was able to give further details on how the reforms were proceeding and will proceed, in some cases clear timelines on how the reforms will take place.

“The demands are already in the public and the government is already addressing those demands. That in itself is a demand and a conversation….

“Some of these demands will take time there are processes that must take place.

“Some of the demands need administrative responses; some of them need legislation; some of them need executive orders where necessary.

“All of these will take time. We live in a constitutional democracy, these processes cannot be usurped or bypassed, they must take time.

“But I think that the youth of this country have been heard, the agenda is clear and the government has taken note, government has gone to work.”

Announcing the death of a protester earlier in the day, Police spokeswoman for the Abuja Command, Mariam Yusuf, said in a statement: “The Commissioner of Police FCT Command, Bala Ciroma, has called for calm among protesters, following a clash between the EndSARS and Pro-SARS protesters at the Central Business District in the early hours of Monday, October 19.

“Preliminary investigation reveals that no life was lost; however, one vehicle was set ablaze during the clash. In view of this, the Commissioner of Police has ordered a discreet investigation into the incident.

“In another development, the Command wishes to outrightly condemn the violent attack on a protester by unknown hoodlums along Kubwa axis on Saturday, October 17, 2020.

“The hoodlums who infiltrated the ranks of the #EndSARS protesters attacked one Anthony Onome Unuode and left him with various degrees of injury which eventually resulted in death.”

Meantime, the Lagos State Government has ordered the closure of public and private schools in the state indefinitely.

This was announced in a press statement by the state’s Head of Public Affairs, Ministry of Education, Kayode Abayomi, on Monday.

The statement was titled, ‘Lagos directs students to stay at home’.

It quoted the Commissioner for Education, Mrs Folasade Adefisayo, as saying that the schools were shut down over “tension generated by the anti-SARS protests.”

The PUNCH reports that academic activities were affected in some schools in the state on Monday as protests against police brutality and bad governance continue.

The statement read in part, “The Lagos State Government has directed all pupils/students in public and private schools to stay at home following the tension generated by the anti-SARS protests.

“A new date of resumption for all classes will be announced as soon as possible.”

Adefisayo added that “the safety of the pupils/students, parents and all staff working in schools is paramount at this critical period”.

She however advised parents to “keep an eye on their wards and not allow them to be used as willing tools in the hands of those who might want to hijack the protests to unleash mayhem on the society”.

The Commissioner also encouraged schools to “utilise other means of distance teaching and learning i.e radio, television and online media as they have been doing during and post the recent COVID-19 lockdown”.

The PUNCH had reported that the Lagos State Government approved that both public and private schools in the state can fully resume from Monday, October 19, 2020.

Schools in the state were previously closed to curb the spread of coronavirus in the state.

Adefisayo, who made the announcement in a press statement last Monday, said the physical resumption, which was for the 2020/2021 academic session, would include pupils in pre-primary, daycare, kindergarten, and nursery schools.

The PUNCH gathered that many students and teachers encountered difficulty in getting to schools in the state on Monday.

There was also violence in the Yaba area of the state when some hoodlums attacked operatives of the Rapid Response Squad.

Our correspondent gathered some of the pupils and teachers trekked long distances to get to schools.

This is as #EndSARS protesters mounted roadblocks in strategic locations in the state in a bid to express their displeasure.

▪︎ Additional reports by The Punch

Why soldiers flooded Abuja despite Falana’s caution

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Soldiers took positions in Abuja as part of the mandate to secure Abuja and stratetegic facilities, as well as the Asokoro district which houses the Presidential Villa, the official seat of power and residence of President Muhammadu Buhari and Vice President Yemi Osinbajo and their families, Everyday.ng has learnt.

But activist lawyer, and Senior Advocate of Nigeria, Mr. Femi Falana, has cautioned the Chief of Army Staff, Lt Gen Tukur Buratai, and his men that they risk facing the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the Hague if any of the #EndSARS protesters is killed.

Falana, in a statement as the Chairman of the Alliance for Survival of COVID-19 and Beyond (ASCAB), urged President Muhammadu Buhari not to invite soldiers to resolve a purely democratic issue that calls for dialogue and constructive engagement.

Youths across Nigeria have kept up their 12 days old protest to end Police brutality and sundry issues that have bedevilled the country for decades.

The Army Brigade of Guards protects the President and his immediate vicinity which stretches as far as Zuba, Giri, and Mogadishu Barracks, a stone-throw from the A.Y.A. Roundabout.

The roundabout is less than two and half kilometers to one of the gates of the Presidential Villa.

#EndSARS protesters had announced that they planned to take over A.Y.A. roundabout by Monday, which caused the security agencies to scramble a quick response that effectively kept away protesters, but most civil and public servants could not make it to their offices as protesters blocked other points on the Abuja-Lafia expressway.

But the Police engaged and tear gassed protesters who attempted to to access the Villa through the John Kennedy street entrance.

It was also gathered that the soldiers who flooded the streets of Abuja on Monday were not those meant to be part of the Nigerian Army Operation Crocodile Smile VI, but the Army has been hard-pressed to convince the general public as to the coincidence of the exercise.

The Army on Sunday denied that the operation was aimed at disrupting the ongoing #EndSARS protests across the country.

It said this year’s Exercise Crocodile Smile VI scheduled to commence from Tuesday 20th of October to the 31 of December 2020 had no relationship with any lawful protest under any guise whatsoever.

“To now insinuate that it is an exercise meant to stifle the ongoing ENDSARS protest is to say the least highly misinformed.

“Exercise Crocodile Smile VI has nothing to do with the ongoing protest and the Nigerian Army has never been involved in the ongoing protest in any form whatsoever”, it said.

Col. Sagir Musa, the Army spokesman said in a statement that so far, the army had acted professionally since the civil protest started over two weeks ago.

“For the records, Exercise Crocodile Smile is a yearly exercise in the NA calendar/forecast of events, which traditionally holds from October to December of each year.

“This year’s Exercise Crocodile Smile is scheduled to commence from the 20 of October to the 31 of December 2020 has no relationship with any lawful protest under any guise whatsoever,” he said.

However, Falana’s ASCAB said: “It is unfortunate that the Nigerian government is sending a signal to the military that it has a role to play in a purely civil matter.

“The plan to deploy soldiers is dangerous. It will push Nigeria into the red light district of global reckoning. Sending soldiers after school children and leaders of tomorrow shows what future we anticipate for the teeming population of young men and women who have taken to the streets to protest against a system that buries their dreams and shatter their potentials and aspirations.

“We urge President Mohammadu Buhari not to use soldiers to quell a peaceful, civil protest. The protesters have been lawful. The few cases of violence were associated with armed thugs disrupting the protests coupled with the shooting of protesters by security operatives.

“The political class is isolating Nigerians from governance. State resources are squandered by a few, corrupt people who over the years have failed to address institutional rot that continues to fuel anger and desperation of the toiling people.”

Everyday

BREAKING: Thugs deployed against #EndSARS protesters break into Benin Prison, free inmates.

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Governor Obaseki quickly seized the turmoil on Monday to declare a dusk-to-dawn curfew across the city.

Buhari Gives Marching Order On Banditry, Kidnapping, Cattle Rustling

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President Muhammadu Buhari has issued a marching order to security agencies to do whatever is necessary to put an end to banditry, kidnapping, cattle rustling and other related crimes bedeviling Katsina and the Northwest region.

The Minister for Interior, Ogbeni Rauuf Aregbesola, accompanied by the Minister of Police Affairs, Mohammed Maigari Dingyadi, made the disclosure at an emergency town hall meeting with stakeholders in Katsina which was organized as part of measures to end the spate of insecurity facing the state and the region

While assuring the region of the determination of the Federal Government to bring its total brutal and ferocious might to bear on the enemies of peace in the area, the minister added that time has come to put an end to all forms of criminality.

He said: “President Muhammadu Buhari and his cabinet were saddened with the wanton killings and destruction of lives and property being carried out by the bandits.

“The marauding bandits terrorizing the North-West zone of the country have massacred over 8,000 persons in Katsina, Zamfara, Kebbi, Sokoto and Niger states.

“Their most threatening attack was on April 18, 2020 on Katsina villages during which 47 people were killed. These criminals attack mostly people in the rural areas; kill, steal and rape without mercy, they are practically destroying the economy of rural areas and the food supply chain of the country”.

He also declared that the charge received from the President is twofold; first is to put an end to the banditry group, while the second is to work with the government and people of the state to restore normal life, especially to the people in the rural areas and the farming community.

Also speaking, the Minister of Police Affairs, Mohammed Maigari Dingyadi, admitted that the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) is bedeviled with unprofessional conducts that are not in line with democratic principles of governance.

He noted that the stakeholders’ engagement is coming at a time when Police in this country is being faced with the challenge of unprofessional conducts that are not in tune with the principles of democratic governance

Earlier, the Katsina State Governor, Aminu Bello Masari said the state government had made frantic efforts in tackling security challenges in the state.

Claims, counter-claims as DStv, GOtv reportedly hacked by Anonymous…

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▪︎Excitement as all channels are now for free viewership…

There were reports doing the round on the social media that the broadcast services provided by MultiChoice Nigeria, owners of DSTV and GOTV had been allegedly hacked by controversial hackers, “Anonymous”.

When the claim was validated by checking the channels available on ‘Yanga’ a lesser DSTV bouqet, it was observed that several channels that used to be reserved for a premium bouqet was available for viewership on the said “Yanga’” subscription.

But there were counter claims by the DSTV that  the company decided to open all of its channels because the firm was upgrading its system.

“We don’t want our subscribers to go through challenges, that is why we open all channels till we complete the upgrade.

“We had informed our subscribers of this upgrade earlier last week,” a source reportedly said.

Pastor Adeboye’s wife sends #EndSARS protesters food, water

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Pastor (Mrs.) Folu Adeboye, wife of the General Overseer of the Redeemed Christian Church of God, on Sunday lent her voice to the ongoing #EndSARS protest in Nigeria.

‘Mummy G.O. as fondly called, supported #EndSars protesters in the Alausa protest ground with trucks loaded with food supplies.

Among items sent to the protest ground directly from RCCG camp were 200 packs of bottle water, 1,000 bags of pure water and 27 bags of snacls (puff puff).

Mummy G.O sent in 3 trucks to Alausa this morning. We have 27 packs of bottle water, 1,000 of pure water & 27 bags of snacks (puff-puff) directly from RCCG camp. We see it, we appreciate it! #EndSARS #AlausaProtest

Pastor Enoch Adeboye and the Redeemed Christian Church of God had, on Thursday, supported the #EndSARS, #EndSWAT protests when he took to his Instagram page to write: “Our daughters will not be able to prophesy and young men will not see visions if we don’t keep them alive. I support the youths in this peaceful protest as they “speak up” to #EndPoliceBrutality #EndSARS #ENDSWAT.”

Also, the church shared the image below where it attested that it is in full support of the protests. (TNG)

#EndSARS: PSC, Judiciary, AGF, CBN, Contribute To Inability To Curtail The Excesses Of Police Force — Access To Justice

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Access to Justice has stated that there is a need to make Police more accountable beyond the promises being made all around by the Federal Government on the reform of the Police.

It further stated that several institutions have contributed to the present challenges foisted on the citizens by the Nigeria Police Force, because of their inability to do what ought to have done.

This is contained in a statement titled “No Space Was Left To Hold Police Accountable: Reforms To Policing Require Far Deeper Changes Across Multiple Platforms, Not “Candy” Promises”, issued by the Convener, Joseph Otteh and Project Director, Deji Ajare which was made available to TheNigeriaLawyer(TNL).

“Until the #EndSARS Campaign began an unprecedented, citizen involved political action, no space was left for Nigerian people to hold the police accountable for its acts of brutality and culture of impunity. Internal processes of police accountability were mostly shambolic, pretending to be there, but giving abusers in their system basically a free pass. Every now and then, the police would pass off the impression that they were intolerant of abuses, but that was mostly a whitewash of reality.

“External processes of accountability were also lacking. The Police Service Commission, which has constitutional responsibility for the discipline of members of the police force long abandoned that mandate, which perhaps was its most important – and chose instead softer pastures to cultivate – recruitment, promotions, election-monitoring, and postings of senior police personnel. Why these matters were prioritized over disciplinary oversight of the police is a great cause for concern and makes a case for the overhaul of the Commission.

“Although the Commission’s inertness and ineffectiveness are not captured by the headlights of the current campaign, the Police Service Commission is just as complicit in the brutality and impunity of the police force as the perpetrators themselves. Without an engaged, primed and dependable Police Service Commission on the frontline of the fight, impunity will continue to flourish within the police whether it be among its regular officers or within its specialized units and whether it be SARS or SWAT!!!

The group also pointed out that the judiciary and the Central Bank of Nigeria are as guilty as the other bodies and have failed to hold police accountable.

“The Judiciary’s power to make the police accountable has also been largely stifled. Judgments against police lawlessness and abuse are met by the charge that those judgments are unenforceable given that the Attorney General of the Federation has not consented to their enforcement. The Federal Attorney General, who ought to defend the rights of the Nigerian people and the rule of law, persistently declines to give consent to enforce judgments against the Police Force.

“Even the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) plays a major part too. It defends abusive institutions by litigating against judgment creditors when they seek access to banking accounts of those institutions, alongside looking the other way when banks collude with the Police to disguise their accounts and make it inaccessible to judgment creditors.

“In sum, until now, no one has been able to call the police force to account and curtail the excesses (and brigandage) of many members of the force. There has been, as it were, a huge multilateral, multi-sectoral “gang-up” by several actors to shield the police from justice and accountability, to deny the rights of victims of police abuse and injustice and to foster the culture of impunity as it steadily grew within the police force.

“Now, the Buhari government has a far greater scope of work to do in unhinging all the points of this interlocking chain of support for and complicity in police abuses. The government must offer a robust, deep, and credible plan for police reform, including strengthening the independence of the police force, well beyond the diplomacy of a few morsels of bread and sweeteners it is putting on the table,” the statement read.

Netflix’s “The Social Dilemma” is not tailored for Africa’s internet reality

For a documentary proposing big-picture diagnoses of social media’s effect on the world, The Social Dilemma barely takes the 1.2 billion people in Africa into consideration.

The 93-minute Netflix Original documentary dramatizes the backend of social media platforms as a dystopian neuroscience lab. 

Among other things, it shows how digital juices are used to incite user engagement to auction advertisement space in real-time. We learn that when it comes to fighting temptation, not all digital safe locks are created equal (hello, Piggyvest!).

The film hammers Facebook for driving the deterioration of confidence in democracy around the world. But YouTube, Twitter, Google and Snapchat are not spared.

With the self-evolving algorithms they intentionally design for profit, these companies have transformed disinformation into an existential threat to modern civilization. 

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Social media platforms are under fire for stoking divisions around the world, including in Africa.

Radical change is urgently needed to stem the toxic tide, the film – which features several American technology experts and former senior staff at these companies – argues.

Two wrongs, two rights

Firstly, the core diagnosis is correct. Social media platforms can and have been channels for momentous diabolic acts that question the platforms’ supposed positive value. 

Ethnic genocide in Myanmar and unresolved consequences of the Arab Spring in North Africa are two instances, among many.

The Social Dilemma suggests four solutions: an organisation to define truth on the internet; discourage big data collection with heavy taxes; campaign against algorithms that monitor and harvest big data at the individual level; abolish the platforms altogether.  

Clearly, two and three are desirable and applicable in every country where these platforms operate. But recommending the arbitration of truth by some regulator, or blanket social media abolition unwittingly plays into the hands of totalitarians and pseudo-democracies already doing these things. 

Somewhere in an African state house – I suspect Entebbe – a government adviser watched The Social Dilemma and leaped for joy.

Uganda’s Chinese internet  

In March 2018, President Yoweri Museveni wrote a letter to his finance minister complaining that social media amplified “olugambo” in his beloved Uganda. The term loosely translates to gossip, a normal activity in every society. 

But Museveni’s loyalists took the hint and broadened the definition. By July of that year, a law taxing over-the-top services went into effect. 

The pretext? To control disinformation and prevent possible violence from WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter and 57 other platforms. A $27 annual license fee for anyone broadcasting content online to the public – blogs, podcasts, video – is set to kick in soon.

Museveni turns 76 this week and was once heralded for his freedom-fighting against the authoritarian Idi Amin in the 1980s. Now in his 34th year as president, he jails anti-government voices. 

Once the guerilla Marxist who believed in democratizing opportunity, he now shuts down the internet during elections to boost his chances every election cycle. 

He often refers to China as Africa’s “genuine friends” in terms of the Asian giant’s contribution to infrastructure projects.

But this friendship may not be in favour of Africans when it comes to digital rights and privacy. According to an investigation in 2019, it appears Huawei employees helped the governments of Uganda and Zambia spy on citizens.

In that sense, the president’s clamp down on the internet resembles a push for a Ugandan version of the Chinese Great Firewall – a combination of political and tech policies to keep anti-government voices in check. 

Africa needs Social Media, for now

The reality in Africa is that most countries do not yet have strong citizen-led structures for transparency and accountability. 

Where possible, pressure groups practically depend on social media to side-step traditional media gatekeepers who often appear sympathetic to or allied with the government of the day. 

In Nigeria, BudgIT emerged from a tech hackathon in 2011 to become the leading institution enlightening citizens on public finance. Twitter is their chief distribution and engagement platform. 

Many forums with similar missions – #EndPoliceBrutality, #StandtoEndRape – also depend on the openness of social media to reach wide audiences quickly. 

Twelve years ago, a brutal government crackdown in Cameroon was underreported and understated. But social media has heightened scrutiny on Paul Biya, the octogenarian now in his 38th year as president. No wonder he called it “a new form of terrorism” in 2016.

Prioritize intelligent, transparent redesign

Again, the virality features of social media have caused some harm on the continent. 

It was apparent during the Ebola crisis when fake miracle cures were promoted, causing the deaths of otherwise healthy individuals. There were fears of an epidemic of disinformation when COVID-19 hit Africa in the first quarter of the year.

In this regard, Africa should be championing the two good solutions from The Social Dilemma. Governments and citizens should be at the fore of pushing for redesigning algorithms to put some value-neutral constraints on virality. 

If online disinformation is the new obesity, then tech product designers and their marketers should be persuaded to provide clear labelling of their products. Obviously some secrets can be withheld to foster competition, but customers should clearly see the difference between water and blood.

Network platforms that rely on user-generated content and have potential to create virality should indeed be taxed per unit data they collect from individuals. It’s the equivalent of taxing factories that release potentially toxic waste into the environment.

But all of this has to be judged on specific definitions of the social media problem set. If The Social Dilemma encourages Museveni to justify a Facebook shut down because he dislikes gossip, how do you stop a president who hates being the butt of comedians’ jokes?

Techcabal

A Nigerian internet or social media shutdown? What to know and do

Two fears arise every time citizens of an African country take to the streets en masse to criticize some aspect of their government’s performance: that the government will shut down the internet, or that access to social media sites will be restricted.

The recent history of citizen demonstrations from the Arab Spring in 2011 to events in Ethiopia, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Zimbabwe validate these fears. 

When governments order shutdowns, there’s little wiggle room for dissent even for the most progressive or good-intentioned telecommunications operator.

For example, when Zimbabwe ordered a shutdown in January 2019, Strive Masiyiwa couldn’t tap into his global fame and liberal democratic appeal to resist. His Econet, the country’s largest telecoms company, had to block access to internet services, else management would face three years imprisonment.

Life in a country without the internet feels like being cut off from the world. In 2020, being without the internet is equivalent to living under a rock.

Without a workaround, the only way to access your email could be to phone a friend abroad and give them your login details. The rapid exchange of information through WhatsApp and Twitter that now seem normal suddenly become novel things to long for. 

If you’re in Lagos Nigeria, no Uber or Bolt means those infamous yellow taxi cabs are all you’ve got for private trips. Costs of work-from-home company calls will rise dramatically to the point of prohibition.

It’s a grim reality. Here’s how it would play out and what to anticipate.

‘NCC says pull the plug’

A request from the Office of the National Security Adviser raising national security concerns is sufficient for an internet shutdown order to become reality in Nigeria.

The NSA, at this time Babagana Monguno – a retired major general, would send a directive to the Executive Vice Chairman of the Nigeria Communications Commission. The request will be for the NCC to direct its licensees to pull the plug.

“That’s the most likely route,” says Adeboye Adegoke, programme manager at Paradigm Initiative, a digital rights advocacy group.

“It is not impossible but we hope it doesn’t get to this. The government’s response to the [#EndSARS] protest has been double faced.”

An internet shutdown in Nigeria would require tier 1 internet service providers (MTN, Glo, Airtel, MainOne) to shut down their connections by disconnecting their servers from authorised data exchange points within the country. The Nigerian internet as we know it is an interconnection between these ISPs.

The alternative to a shutdown – blocking access to social media sites – would mean these ISPs will be mandated to not forward traffic from websites like Twitter and Facebook. The ISPs will block each of these site’s IP addresses from all its users, or delete the sites from their DNS servers; you’ll be told the site doesn’t exist when you try to connect. 

Paradigm Initiative published a guide for Malawians ahead of their May 2019 elections about staying online in the event of government-sanctioned internet shutdowns. Adegoke says they are working on specific steps for Nigerians. 

The guide focuses on what to expect when specific websites are blocked, and in times of total shutdowns.

To access blocked sites, two options are available: installing the TOR browser or using a trusted Virtual Private Network (VPN).

Put simply, a VPN helps a user create a private network from a public connection. Your IP address will be anonymous (a VPN creates one that shields yours) and your online activity is virtually untraceable. Essentially, it’s a tunnel for your phone or PC to stay in touch when highways are under patrol.  

Paradigm Initiative’s guide lists PsiphonLantern and Tunnelbear as free VPNs that can be trusted to work on Windows, Android and Mac/iOS devices. I’ll include Proton because it has been recommended to me by a cybersecurity professional in a bank, but it’s free version doesn’t grant access to blocked content.

These can preserve your connection to social media sites when they are blocked.

When the internet is completely shut down, there’s really no way to dwell on a website on the internet.

Twitter used to have a feature for tweeting by SMS – this was how the service was originally designed. But it was disabled in September 2019 due to security issues after CEO Jack Dorsey got hacked. They confirmed in April this year that Twitter via SMS has been turned off in all but a few countries; Nigeria isn’t included.

But people can connect to each other by using some offline messaging apps. For now, Bridgefy is the most notable. It requires a Bluetooth connection to broadcast messages to people around you, and as such must be used cautiously.https://platform.twitter.com/embed/index.html?creatorScreenName=nochieonukwue&dnt=true&embedId=twitter-widget-0&frame=false&hideCard=false&hideThread=false&id=1316379859896209423&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcabal.com%2F2020%2F10%2F14%2Fnigeria-internet-shutdown-2020-end-sars%2F&siteScreenName=techcabal&theme=light&widgetsVersion=ed20a2b%3A1601588405575&width=500px

‘Protection from falsehood’

Every internet shutdown has a common theme: the government wants to dictate what information should be exchanged by people in a country, whether between themselves or with those outside. 

The government in question may not be a dictatorship but it sure wants to dictate.

Nigeria hasn’t had an internet shutdown. There are good reasons to believe it won’t happen, the strongest being that the country’s banking system is more cashless than ever before. 

Over ₦15 billion (~ $33 million) was transacted through Nigeria’s Instant Payment terminal in September 2020 alone. Mobile money operations in 2019 were valued at ₦5.1 trillion (~ $12.7 billion), according to the Nigeria Inter-bank Settlement Scheme’s data.

In-bank transactions are falling as the use of digital bank apps and USSD services rise.

But this digital banking adoption has been driven largely by the youth – the same demographic that prioritizes the internet (and social media) as the platform of choice for media consumption. A history of Nigeria’s treatment of the media is a clear signal as to why no one should be confident of the internet’s inviolability. 

To give one example: armed soldiers raid newspaper depots on the weekend of 7th June 2014 based on “orders from above” as the BBC reported.

The newspapers were accused of “publishing and selling falsehood” and helping the distribution of explosives that would “wreak havoc.”

Six years later, these terms feel eerily familiar to internet users. The 2019 National Assembly social media bill was tagged “protection from falsehood.” This week, Flutterwave reportedly answered a brief summon by the Central Bank of Nigeria over concerns that it’s web-based payments platform was being used to aid #EndSARS protests.

Nigeria may not go ahead with an outright internet ban but it doesn’t hurt to stay vigilant. In case you need a reminder, here’s what that 2019 social media bill aimed to achieve:

Techcabal

#EndSARS: Things left unsaid, By Dakuku Peterside

On Friday, 18 December 2010, a man named Mohamed Bouazizi, protesting police corruption and ill-treatment, set himself on fire in the Tunisian city of Sidi Bouzid. This action sparked a series of protests in Tunisia. From Tunisia, the protests spread to five other countries: Libya, Egypt, Yemen, Syria and Bahrain. The consequent anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions later spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. The masses were protesting oppressive regimes and a low standard of living.

Here in Nigeria, on Saturday, 3 October 2020, at Wetland Hotel, Ughelli in Delta State, a police officer attached to the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) shot a young man, and he and his colleagues took away a Lexus SUV belonging to the victim. This event captured on video started trending, wildly, on Twitter. The resultant public outcry led to nation-wide protests tagged #EndSARS. Since 8 October the country has been overwhelmed with outcry and anger with videos and pictures showing police brutality, harassment and extortion in Nigeria. The protests were led predominantly by young Nigerians in different cities alongside many activists and celebrities.

The #EndSARS protests have gained international traction and are perhaps the most famous hashtag on Twitter in the last week. From rapper and US presidential candidate, Kayne West; Arsenal FC midfielder Mesut Ozil, to British media personality, Piers Morgan, a lot of people across the globe have lent their voice to the protest against police brutality in Nigeria.

Jack Dorsey, the CEO of Twitter, even entered the fray. He twitted the #EndSARS hashtag and urged protesters who seem to be having difficulties in securing a viable platform for raising funds for the protest to consider using bitcoin. The #EndSARS hashtag has been used over 50 million times on Twitter.

This current EndSARS protest is propelled by social media, which is playing a significant role in facilitating communication and interaction among participants of the protests. Protesters are using social media to organise demonstrations, disseminate information about their activities, and raise local and global awareness of ongoing events. With Twitter and Facebook, especially, protesters do not need the traditional media to spread their message. In this way, the movement virtually takes a life of its own.

The #EndSARS campaign is still ongoing as Nigerian youths have been camped in the streets for days now. From Lagos to Port Harcourt to Abuja, major roads are blocked, economic and social activities are severely disrupted, and unfortunately, precious lives have been lost.

There have been #EndSARS protests in London and other major global cities with young people leading the movement.

This upheaval is gradually metamorphosising into a youth protest about everything that is wrong with Nigeria. Most youths are lending their voices and venting their anger against insecurity, kidnapping and general lawlessness in all parts of the country. They are complaining bitterly against impunity, nepotism and corruption. They complain against grinding poverty and low quality of living of the majority. They complain against the insensitivity of some government officials who act like colossal demigods bestriding the local and national space filled with people they consider nincompoops. They complain against the high rate of unemployment and the worsening state of under-employment faced by over 70% of Nigerians. In summation, it is a symbol of all sorts of frustration with the Nigerian nation.

Important rhetorical questions arise at this juncture: does government need a protest before tackling these myriads of issues? Should all stakeholders not listen to the “voices of the voiceless” youths and start the necessary engagements and changes to avert any impending doom in the horizon?

The problem with the protests is that there are signs that no one can determine how it is going to end. For instance, although the government conceded to the demand of the protesters and disbanded SARS, the protesters still demanded an address by the President. The President addressed the nation on the issue, yet the protesters are demanding for more. They had a 5-point demand, which the government has met, but they are still protesting. Many people are unsure what the current direction of the protesters is. What is clear is that Nigerian youths are very angry with the current situation in the country, which is a product of many years of visionless leadership and mismanagement.

A keen observer of events in Nigeria in the past few decades will notice that this kind of situation was on the horizon. The SARS problem and other forms of police brutality had lingered for too long. The Nigerian police are reputed to be the most corrupt in the world. Each time there is a public outcry, the authorities take cosmetic measures.

There was a time the police authorities changed the name from SARS to FSARS in reaction to acts of lawlessness, high-handedness and impunity by people who are supposed to be custodians of the law. Many see government action as window dressing as police brutality continued. Police continued treating any young man seen wearing dreadlocks or carrying a laptop as a “Yahoo Boy”, a byword for internet fraudsters; they insisted on going through peoples phones, and they killed and maimed with odious impunity. This is not to say there are no good men in the police or all police personnel are bad. Nigerian police is a force for good except for a few rotten eggs amongst them.

It is clear that the protesters mostly consist of youths who seek meaningful engagement. We have undergraduates who are at home because the Academic Staff of Nigerian Universities (ASUU) is currently on strike. The ASUU vs FG imbroglio has become a recurring decimal in the life of our nation. Incessant ASUU strikes have become part and parcel of our educational system. It is possible that with the #EndSARS protest, the chicken will finally come home to roost for the government and the society. Engagement with the youths is no longer an option or luxury; it is apt and timely.

Apart from undergraduates, millions of unemployed youths see the #EndSARS protest as an opportunity to vent their anger on the government and society they accused of failing them. Are the government and the society about to pay the price for lack of meaningful engagement with our youths? Is the government getting battered because of the difficult economic conditions, which has lingered over the years?

I was alarmed when I saw some people donating food and drinks to the protesters. In a country that is said to be the poverty capital of the world, who can convince thousands of hungry Nigerian youths to go home when the streets provide them with food to eat and for some criminal elements amongst them, the opportunity to loot? There is suspicion in some quarters that some anti-government elements are cashing in on the situation to fuel the protest even more. They provide food and logistics to the protesters and funding for other activities. This action will indeed extend the protests and portends for a sinister outcome.

The government should be careful in handling the protests and protesters. The current Covid-19 economic malaise had led the government to make some decisions that would hurt the masses in the short run but would ultimately be beneficial to all and sundry in the long run. The removal of petroleum subsidy has led to higher fuel prices and the increment in electricity tariff means that Nigerians who can see elusive electricity are paying more for it. As the economic situation becomes more challenging and harder for the citizens, so would the propensity to join in any protest that targets the government, which allows them to vent their anger.

Therefore, the government needs to continue in meaningful engagement with the protesters and ensure that our trigger-happy law enforcement agencies apply the highest degree of professionalism and restraint in dealing with the visibly angry youths. Beyond mere pronouncements, the government should take concrete actions to show that it is not business as usual.

Members of the now-disbanded SARS who engaged in wanton killing of innocent youths should face the full wrath of the law while genuine reforms of the Nigerian police starts in earnest and not by the police. Nobody should expect the police to be on the driver’s seat of police reforms. Every stakeholder who has something to offer, including the young people who are leading the protest should be involved in the reforms.

Be it as it may, the government should not allow itself to be held hostage by subversive elements who failed through the ballot box but who want to take advantage of the current situation to perform acts of sedition capable of undermining the peace and security of Nigerians. If these people are indeed opposition politicians like many people suspect, the law should take its course.

After the last of the protesters has gone home, there is a need for stakeholders to take a holistic look at governance in general. There currently exists a considerable lacuna between the government and the governed. At every election cycle, leaders make strenuous efforts to seek the support and votes of the electorate. But after elected to office, most of the leaders transform into autocrats and pseudo-despots. They enact policies and programmes that are anti-people and govern in a way that looks like those that elected them do not matter.

In most instances, the citizenry watch in awe and utter resignation as the leaders trample on all manner of norms and decency.

But as the current protests have revealed, the citizens can rise to demand that their voices are heard. Maybe after some days or weeks, the #EndSARS protesters will disperse. But it should be clear to our leaders that the Nigerian youths have realised a viable avenue of bringing about social change, protest. Taking them for granted will ultimately lead to consequences, so far-reaching that it can completely transform the fabrics of our society.

Indeed, Nigeria has everything it takes to be a great nation. However, all Nigerians must change their ways in all facets of our national existence. Every section of the country must not only be seen to have a sense of belonging but must have it. There must be justice, equity, and equal opportunities for all. Nigerians must rise above primordial sentiments of ethnicity, religiosity and clannish bigotry. We should eschew mediocrity, nepotism and impunity whilst embracing and promoting meritocracy, accountability, transparency and efficiency in managing our resources.

The #EndSARS protest has sent a clear signal that the youths of Nigeria have found their voice and the message is that we need comprehensive reform in all sectors of our country, be it security, education, healthcare, governance, economy or youth engagement. To assume that it is all about police brutality is a simplistic interpretation of a complex phenomenon.

Dr Dakuku Peterside (DAP), leadership & organisational development consultant, is a corporate Political strategist and newspaper columnist. He can be reached on +2348033123801.