China Quietly Tips The Scales In Nigeria’s Favour As EU, US Hit Deadlock…

•WTO’s Council To Officially Announce  Okonjo-Iweala’s Choice Today, Tuesday

•South Korea’s Candidate, Yoo Myung-hee To Formally Accept Decision Today

ABUJA – Nigeria’s former finance minister and a former managing director of the World Bank, Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala has emerged as the  first  female Director-General of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), shattering the glass ceiling.

Okonjo-Iweala broke the glass ceiling, emerging as the first African and the first female to attain the position of DG of WTO by emerging as the finalist after eliminating South Korea’s current  trade minister, Yoo Myung-hee in a fierce  battle for the coveted job on Monday night.

The New Diplomat Europe’s outpost office gathered that with the EU nations and the United States moving in opposite direction, a move that triggered a deadlock between the two powerful geo-political allies for the first time in many years, it was the decisive and quiet support of China that finally tipped the scales in Okonjo-Iweala’s favour.

The WTO’s Ambassador Walker-led General Council, the overall organ responsible for picking the organisation’s  next DG, would officially announce the choice of Nigeria’s former Finance Minister, Dr Okonjo-Iweala today, October 27.

Diplomatic sources confided in The New Diplomat that an official announcement  to this effect would be formally made today by New Zealand’s Ambassador Walker’s led WTO General Council.

The race for the coveted job of DG of WTO has been fierce with Nigeria’s  Okonjo-Iweala and  South Korea’s serving Trade Minister, Yoo Myung-hee,  running neck-and-neck in the intense jostle and game of global diplomatic intrigues.

Indications had emerged that influential global trading countries including the United States (US), the European Union (EU) nations, China, Japan and the BRICS countries were strongly divided on who should be the candidate to lead the WTO.

High-level sources confided in The New Diplomat’s Europe’s outpost operations that it “took serious negotiations and prolonged talks to get China to go along with Nigeria with its decision to support Okonjo-Iweala.” China controls about 12.4% of the global trade.

The influence of the United States on global trade is reportedly huge as well  given that it single-handedly controls about 12% of global trade just as China holds about 12.4% of the global trade statistics.

Diplomatic sources hinted that East Asia countries with the exception of China went along with Myung-hee in preference. These include Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macay, Mongolia and South Korea.  Japan, a US ally is another strong international player in global trade with an estimated $705.7 billion worth of goods globally in 2020.

However, on Okonjo-Iweala’s side apart from  the EU and 55 AU nations were 24 solid ACP countries that reportedly expressed preference for her candidacy. The CP countries in this regard include Bahamas, Cuba, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Dominica Republic, Dominica, Greneda, Fiji, Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, Timor-Lester, Parpua New Guinea, etc.

A combination of this preponderance form about 79 block countries that solidly stood behind Nigeria’s Okonjo-Iweala. However, it was the quiet and deft diplomacy of China that sealed the deal in Okonjo-Iweala’s favour.

A top diplomat in Geneva told The New Diplomat in confidence: “China quietly changed the game. They said nothing openly but silently they, deftly China voted in Nigeria’s favour.”

Okonjo-Iweala, 66, served as Nigeria’s first female finance and later foreign minister, and has a 25-year career behind her as a development economist and international finance expert at the World Bank, eventually becoming its number two. She is also on Twitter’s board of directors and is a special envoy for the World Health Organisation’s COVID-19 fight.

Thus, Okonjo-Iweala has successfully edged out South Korea’s Myung-hee. Yoo Myung-hee 53, is the serving South Korea’s trade minister, following a long career in trade, diplomacy, law and foreign affairs. She had previously served as South Korea’s foreign Affairs minister, among others. A lawyer and diplomat, Myung-hee holds degrees in Law, Public Policy and was called to the New York Bar.

One major implication of this is that China has somewhat stamped its feet on the global diplomatic and economic dynamics as an indispensable power, having deftly supported Okonjo-Iweala  to victory as the US and EU purportedly cancelled themselves in a diplomatic deadlock.

Already, China is the biggest economy in the world in terms of P3, the Purchasing Power Parity. Thus, the consequence of this on the global scale, according to diplomats, is quite telling. (The New Diplomat)

▪︎State to employ 5,000 youths across ministries

Oyo State Governor, Engineer Seyi Makinde, on Monday, announced that his administration has set aside packages totaling the sum of N1 billion to cover for compensation for victims of police brutality and injustice and a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
scheme, for youths.

The package, he said, included an initial deposit of N500 million for MSMEs and another N500 million as compensation to victims of police brutality and injustice.

Governor Makinde, who made the disclosure while addressing traditional rulers, local government chairpersons, security operatives and other stakeholders at a meeting on Monday, said that the state government would equally employ 5,000 youths across the Ministries, Departments and Agencies, in order to address the challenge of youth unemployment in the state.

He added that the state would also ensure that “the 2021 budget captures a Direct Labour Agency that will allow youths with prerequisite skills to have access to jobs whenever projects are awarded.”

A statement by Mr Taiwo Adisa, Chief Press Secretary to the Governor Makinde, indicated that the governor stated these at the House of Chiefs, Secretariat, Agodi, Ibadan, while meeting with the traditional rulers, security chiefs, religious leaders and chairmen of the 68 Local Governments and Local Council Development Areas.

Some of those in attendance included the Olubadan of Ibadanland, Oba Saliu Adetunji Aje Ogungunniso1; Alaafin of Oyo, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi III, and other traditional rulers across the state; the Aare Musulumi of Yorubaland, Kwara and Delta States, Alhaji Alhaji Dawud Makanjuola; the State’s Chairman of the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN), Apostle Joshua Akinyemi; the Deputy Inspector-General of Police, Leye Oyebade, and Service Commanders in the State.

He stated that apart from the platforms already put out by the government for victims of police brutality to report their experiences, the state would inaugurate the judicial panel of inquiry within the next one week, adding that his government would continue to live up to its mantra of putting the people first.

Governor Makinde, who expressed sadness at the news of the kidnap of an LCDA chairman, said the government would do everything within its powers to get him freed, but that “local government chairmen also have work to do within the localities – and quickly too.:

The governor further said that the police would have to return to playing its role, noting that traditional rulers and other stakeholders had a role to play in ensuring that “the police come back and perform their duties diligently.”

He maintained that the state would begin the process of rebuilding police stations that were razed or vandalised, warning residents of the state to, however, be vigilant and watchful about external people coming to attack facilities in the state, as, according to him, killing, arson were not parts of Oyo State, a state of Omoluabi.

Similarly, the governor decried the attacks on Lagos, saying they were targeted attacks and not particularly mob action, stating that “traditional rulers have a lot of work to do in their localities to ensure that security and peace continue to reign.”

He said: “This is the first time we will be meeting like this after the events of the past two weeks. We are not here to apportion blame or do a post-protest analysis.

“I can see that those who spoke earlier were commending me. I appreciate you all for the kind words but I have to say that there is nothing extra. I am doing the job that you gave me in Oyo State.

“I want to reassure the good people of Oyo State that all criminal elements that engaged in wanton destruction of lives and properties will be dealt with.

“I can give you that assurance because killing, arson, destruction of means of livelihood are not part of us. They are not the things that we stand for as a people. Yes, I supported the protest and I did not have any regret for supporting the protest.

“I had a serious exchange with the Commissioner of Police. This is also true for the Police hierarchy. They were losing men and police stations and they needed to act.

“But I said we have to act with caution. It is difficult to understand what I was trying to say in the heat of things but he did in the end. And we agreed and proceeded with caution. That is why the situation did not really go beyond what we saw.

“I also want to urge members of the Nigeria Police Force working in Oyo State to step up to their responsibilities to protect lives and properties. Just like the DIG said, there is no agency that can take the duty of the Police.

“They are to maintain internal order. So, we have to give the Police the opportunity to carry out their constitutional responsibilities and functions.

“We know that trust is low right now, but you can quickly regain public trust through your professional conduct. Even among the leaders, there is a trust-deficit.

“We definitely have to proceed from this point forward with caution. We must not read ethnic, religious or political coloration to the challenges we are faced with.

“Let me also state that we have set up an initial Five Hundred Million Naira (N500million) Compensation Fund for victims of injustice. So, I encourage everyone who has suffered any form of injustice in the past or as a result of the #EndSARS protests, to please take advantage of the platforms we have provided to log their cases.

“We have an email service and a direct reporting portal on the Oyo State Government website. A judicial panel for Oyo State will be inaugurated in the next one week to look into cases of injustice.

“We know that the protests have been as a result of simmering anger among the youths. We are aware of the economic situation, especially the reduced income of many due to the COVID-19 pandemic and also the general unemployment situation in the country.

“Let me reassure you that we will continue to prioritise actions that will positively impact the youths.

“For this reason, we have taken the following immediate actions to address some of the issues raised by the youths during the protest: I have directed that a 500 Million Naira MSME fund be set up. This fund will be disbursed to youths who have bright entrepreneurial ideas that will provide further employment and improve the economic landscape in Oyo State.

“I have directed the employment of 5,000 young persons across all government agencies over the next few months. We have been talking to Oyo State Road Maintenance Agency, OYOWMA, before now. We have been talking to AMOTEKUN. We have to, immediately, wrap some of those recruitments up and put these people off the street. The criteria for employment and the dates for assessment will be announced by the agency authorities.

“Going forward, starting from 2021, there will be provisions made for the Direct Labour Agency in the budget. This will ensure more employment opportunities for residents who have requisite skills when projects are awarded.”

Addressing the menace of looting warehouses across the country, the governor decried how a contractor in the state, who got a contract to supply palliatives on behalf of CACOVID, lost millions to hoodlums who looted his warehouse.

He stated that the government would proceed with the fifth phase of the distribution of palliatives by the end of the week, having completed the verification of the individuals who qualified for them, saying “Yes, we still have few CACOVID items left. We have done palliatives in phases. The first phase was for the poorest of the poor among us. In the second phase, we took care of the farmers.

“In the third phase, we took care of civil servants and political office holders. In the fourth phase, I believe we took care of the vulnerable within our environment. We are waiting for the rice promised by the CACOVID. It has not gotten here but we have now decided to go ahead with the fifth phase of palliatives distribution.

“We will be proceeding with the fifth phase distribution of palliatives by the end of this week having completed the verification of the individuals who qualify for them.”

The governor maintained that his administration would continue to run an open-door policy and that it would always be happy to dialogue with everyone for the economic good and development of the state.

“Finally, this is a period where we are saying there is peace but will the peace endure? We want peace that will endure in Oyo State and to have peace that will endure, every one of us has to contribute.

“All of us must go back and organize structures in our different localities. We also need to bring the vigilantes in and I believe in the days and weeks to come, they will come and study how we are ensuring peace in Oyo State,” the governor added.

The Alaafin of Oyo, Oba Adeyemi, charged the government to listen to the youths, stating that the recent challenge faced by the country was not only as a result of police brutality but also the failure of those in authority to rise to the occasion.

The Olubadan of Ibadanland, and the Soun of Ogbomosoland, who spoke through their representatives, also echoed similar lines.

Earlier, the Speaker of the Oyo State House of Assembly, Rt. Hon. Debo Ogundoyin, said the government would not hesitate to implement all that had been agitated for, especially in the area of Police reform and reform in the constitution, as well as provision of gainful employment, among others.

“At this juncture”, he said, “let me urge us all to put an end to vandalization of public properties in the name of protest. Let us say NO to the destruction of lives and properties so that, together, we can jointly build the Nigeria of our dream.

“As a lawmaker, and as lawmakers here present, we will do everything possible to give the legislative support to mount pressure on Governor Makinde to implement reforms to make life comfortable for the people of Oyo State, most especially the youth, which is our future.”

The Garrison Commander, 2nd Mechanised Division of the Nigerian Army, Ibadan, Brigadier Soji Ogunsugba, also called for concerted efforts to help bridge the trust deficit between the police and the populace, adding that the police have a constitutional role to protect the people.

Deputy Inspector-General of Police, Oyebade, maintained that all stakeholders must work together to chart a way forward and make the Police better, saying that vandalization, destruction of Police facilities and killings must stop, because it will not take the society anywhere.

He said: “I know that our leaders of today are not just talkatives. They are going to match their talks with actions. So, I want to ask that the vandalization should stop, destruction should stop, and the arson should also stop. The killings should stop. It will not take us to anywhere good. It will not take us to the promised land.

“I am saying this because the person you have killed will not be coming back but the family will suffer for that loss. Let us think deep. I want us to go back and let us hold ourselves together as one. Let us remember how our forefathers started. Let us keep faith with the present and have hope for a better tomorrow.

“We have spoken together. All the security agencies represented here were in a very exhaustive meeting and we are on the same page. I am here to announce to you that it is going to be a new dawn. Let us accept what has happened as history. The way forward is to hold ourselves together.

“The function of the Nigerian Police can never be given to any other organization. If you destroy the Nigerian Police, there cannot be a replacement. Let us work together and make the Police better.”

▪︎Says govt did ‘excellently well’

▪︎Distribution ongoing until hoodlums struck

Claims that the Kwara State Government diverted or hoarded the palliatives meant for the vulnerable households in the state are false and unsubstantiated as no less than 15 of the 16 local governments had benefited before the store was looted, the private sector-led Coalition Against COVID-19 Foundation said on Monday.

The palliatives, which were majorly foodstuffs, were donated across the country including Kwara State by the CACOVID Foundation as part of its support for the Nigerian governments to cushion the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq flagged off the official distribution of the palliatives on August 11, 2020, following the handover of the goods by the private sector-led body.

Speaking on a live programme on Midland FM in Ilorin, CACOVID representative in Kwara State, Taoheed Adewale Fasasi said: “In terms of distribution of the palliatives, it’s been an excellent performance for Kwara State especially in terms of three key things.

“One, identification of the beneficiaries. We’ve always feared that this could be where there will be problem because we don’t want it to get to the wrong hands.

“But they (state government) have been able to come up with lists that come directly from the grassroots. And, with this, we know how many families that were given. We have recordings of how many families that were given.

“We were in Jebba (Moro, Kwara North), for instance, and it was not just about distribution, we saw the families. We know where they are and what they do and things like that. The distribution was not hidden. It was more or less like CACOVID handing over to the beneficiaries. The assistance from the (state) committee has been wonderful.”

Fasasi said the monitoring and evaluation team of CACOVID was on the field to ensure that the palliatives got to the right persons across the state, asserting that its reports did not support the claims that the government hoarded the palliatives.

“It is not just about handing over to the state but ensuring that it gets to where it is supposed to get to. We always have a monitoring team.

“Apart from being a member, I have a monitoring team that’s also checking me at every point in time. It is CACOVID’s way of doing things.

“As the state committee was getting it out, we were interacting with the beneficiaries. We have the videos. We went there based on those identified,” he added.

Architect Kale Belgore, Counsellor to Kwara State Governor and State Government Focal Person on the palliatives, explained that beneficiaries across least 15 of the 16 local governments had collected as of Friday, October 23, 2020, when the hoodlums attacked the Cargo Terminal where the palliatives were warehoused.

He added: “We were loading the one for Offa (the 16th and last local government to get theirs) on Friday when the hoodlums attacked the place. In fact, some trucks containing palliatives had left for Offa.

“So, the hoodlums vandalised the trucks and made away with the remaining palliatives for Offa and what was to be distributed for some umbrella bodies of some physically challenged people, the blind colony, orphanages, and correctional centres, among others.”

The state government meanwhile has said the palliatives that the Federal Government handed to it on October 13 were meant for victims of the recent rainstorm and flood in at least eight local government areas of the state.

The government said the distribution, which was being done by the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), had been carried out in Asa, Ilorin South, Ilorin East, and parts of Ilorin West before the hoodlums looted the warehouse in Ilorin.

The remaining palliatives that were looted were meant for the victims in Edu, Moro, Patigi and Ifelodun local governments, according to the government, insisting that no palliatives were diverted or hoarded.

ABAKALIKI – Governor David Umahi of Ebonyi State, Government House staff, journalists and contractors were trapped in the old Government House as hoodlums invaded the state in search of COVID-19 palliatives in a warehouse close to the Government House.

Tribune Online reports that Governor Umahi was meeting contractors handling the rehabilitation of the 13 general hospitals in the state when he received a report of the activities of the hoodlums.

The meeting was cut short as the governor was relocated to the presidential lodge at the old Government House by his security detail.

It was gathered that the hoodlums mobilised themselves in the early hours of Monday and targeted warehouses where palliatives were stored. One of the warehouses is located beside the old Government House.

Tribune Online also reports that armed policemen and soldiers have mobilised to protect lives and properties in the state capital following an attack on the State Central Police Station on Monday.

The attack of the State Central Police Station is the fifth of such attack in less than one week.

The Federal Government is considering supplying electricity to the Republic of Chad following a recent request by the neighbouring country.

The government-owned Transmission Company of Nigeria disclosed on Sunday that a meeting was held last week to discuss the possibilities of connecting Chad to the national grid.

Nigeria, whose available power generation has been hovering between 3,000 megawatts and 4,500MW in recent years, currently exports electricity to three neighbouring countries, namely Republics of Niger, Benin and Togo.

Total power generation in the country fell to 3,474.5MW as of 6am on Sunday from 3,776.5MW on Saturday, according to data obtained from the Nigerian Electricity System Operator.

The number of plants on the national grid that did not produce any megawatts of electricity rose to 11 as of 6am on Sunday from eight on Saturday.

The idle plants were Geregu II, Sapele II, Alaoji, Olorunsogo II, Omotosho II, Ihovbor, Gbarain, Ibom Power, AES, ASCO and Trans-Amadi.

Twenty-seven plants are currently connected to the national grid, which is being managed by the TCN.

“Meeting between Ministry of Power, TCN, and the Chadian Minister of Energy, Mrs Ramatou Mahamat Houtouin, to discuss the possibilities of connecting the Republic of Chad to the Nigerian national grid [was held] on Wednesday, October 21, 2020,” the TCN said on its Twitter handle on Sunday, alongside pictures of the meeting.

The TCN had on June 22, 2020 announced that the government of Chad Republic had formally requested the Nigerian government to connect them to the Nigerian electricity grid in order to ease the burden of power supply in the country.

It disclosed that the Chadian Ambassador to Nigeria, Mr Abakar Chachaimi, made the request when he led a delegation on a working visit to the Nigerian Minister of Power, Mr Sale Mamman, recently in Abuja.

The tweet by TCN was greeted with widespread criticism by followers of the transmission company.

They wondered why Nigeria would contemplate connecting another country on its grid when the country was suffering from epileptic power supply.

Steven Olasite said, “There is no ‘possibilities’ anything. As I type, we don’t have power for four days before it was restored yesterday. How can a country with epileptic power be contemplating connecting another country to its grid? This is madness!”

Johnson Weniaru, another tweeted follower of TCN, said, “We have not had power for six days now and you want to connect another country to the small one we are managing. You people should borrow yourself sense o.”

Udeh Martin replied TCN’s tweet thus, “How can a country with epileptic power be contemplating connecting another country to its grid? This is total madness!”

Mustapha Adam, who tweeted in pidgin English, said, “You see your problem ko? With the current less than 5,000MW generation? May God deliver us from over sabi people.”

Hilary Onyekwelu advised TCN to stop tweeting such information, as he said, “Don’t tweet this because it is a bad idea. You don’t give what you don’t have.”

The governor of Lagos state Babajide Sanwo-Olu tells CNN’s Becky Anderson he believes there will be ‘genuine reforms’ of police following EndSARS protests.

Read more

As the looting of COVID-19 palliatives across the country continues, three women are suspected to be dead during the looting of a palliative warehouse in Gwagwalada in the Federal Capital Territory(FCT) Abuja.

Some other individuals who were suffocating were helped out of the building and assisted with sachets of water.

Some of the hoodlums climbed fences from adjacent compounds near WAEC office while others fought their ways through the back of Fidelity Bank premises.

Parts of the roofs of the warehouse were broken by hoodlums to provide access into the hall.

Personnel of the Nigeria Civil Defence and Security Corps, the Nigeria Police and the Brigade of Guards of the Nigeria Army, who arrived the venue early, blocking the roads with their vehicles, were overpowered and watched as people made away with the COVID-19 palliatives.

Trouble began at about 8.43am as youths gathered within the areas, leading to the warehouse, which was built within five months by the Gwagwalada Area Council.

As they gathered in hundreds, shouting and expressing anger over the sufferings in the land, they were joined by motorcyclists who came with stories of looting and raid incidents from other parts of the country.

By 9 am, security personnel could no longer control the crowd mostly youth and women who forced their ways into the warehouse, broke the doors and part of the wall and began looting all items inside the building.

It was gathered youths from the surburbs of Angwa Dodo, Wazobia Parks, Tipper garrage, Passo and surounding areas of Gwagwalada markets joined the massive crowd to help themselves to the looting of the palliatives.

They were heard saying: “This is our money, these people are wicked to have hidden these products and refused to share them.”

BY CHIKA OKEKE, Abuja

A former Justice of the Supreme Court, Justice Suleiman Galadima has enjoined engineers in the public and private sector to explore the basic principles of law of contract in executing projects, negotiating contracts and Bill of Quantities (BoM).

He stated this in Abuja over the weekend during the ‘2020 Engr Charles Mbanefo Distinguished Lecture Series’, organised by the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) Abuja branch, with the theme, “Contractual Duties and Tortuous Liabilities – Law and Ethics in Engineering”.

Galadima disclosed that law of contract pervades all spheres of human endeavor such as construction, haulage, logistics, hire-purchase, insurance, banking, medical practice, engineering and among others, adding that engineers and engineering firms work with clients and almost every project involves contract.

The Justice, who was represented by Barr Lilian Okenwa, hinted that understanding the basics of contract law protects engineers’ rights and obligation and helps to avoid potential lawsuits due to breach of contract.

According to him, “Engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standard of honesty and integrity as they have a direct and vital impact on the quality of life of the people and must perform under a standard professional behaviour that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conduct”.

Also speaking, the NSE chairman, Abuja branch, Engr. Abdulbari Abdulmalik noted that in the law of contract, the government follows certain procedures by mandating the Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) to ensure that all contracts in Nigeria follow due process.

Abdulmalik added that Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) plays a vital role by making the beneficiaries adhere strictly to the 2007 procurement act, saying that the government is mandated to ensure that engineers and non-engineers follow the procedure judiciously.

On his part, the founding chairman of NSE Abuja branch, Engr Charles Mbanefo, encouraged the chapter to engage professionals from other sectors to boost their enlightenment campaign.

The president of NSE, Engr Babagana Mohammed stated that building collapse is caused either by the use of substandard materials or quacks, saying that apart from the amended Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) act, some top professionals are facing the tribunal.

He maintained that henceforth, NSE is mandated to assess a building site and uncover the engineer handling the project in case of any collapse, as well as raise the alarm over any quack working at any construction site.

In Niger State, the story appears different. At least, for now. The government has beefed up security at its warehouses to prevent looting, but it appears to be a tinder box waiting to explode.

The state government has beefed up security around the storehouses in Minna, the state capital where food and other items are kept to ease the pain of the Covid-19 lockdown.

The security operatives drawn from all agencies are on at the warehouses, looking battle-ready and rearing to go.

Some of the warehouses are the Niger State Supply Company located at the Old Airport road, and Agricultural Development Projects (ADP) store located at Maitumbi,
Temporary Hajj Camp at Tudun Fulani.

The decision to beef up security around these warehouse was informed by security reports that some youths had mobilized and were desperately searching for where COVID 19 palliatives are being kept in Minna for possible invasion.

No government official, including members of the state COVID 19 TaskForce, was willing to comment on the presence of heavy security at storehouses.

State lawmakers had launched an investigation into the activities of the state TaskForce on COVID 19 where it discovered a secret warehouse where food and other items donated by individuals and corporate organizations as palliatives were stacked.

The Niger State House of Assembly (NSHA) investigation that led to the discovery followed a public outcry on the shoddy and partial manner of distribution of the palliatives, as well as the alleged mismanagement of funds for procuring the palliatives.

Headed by the Secretary to the State Government, Alhaji Ibrahim Metane, the TaskForce on COVID 19 has been accused of allegedly mishandling its activities.

The NSHA investigating Committee chaired by Mallam Malik Madaki Bosso, after two weeks of sitting visited the warehouses, and was shocked to find food items that were being allegedly hoarded.