By Paulyn Owhievbie Ugbodaga
In the rich landscape of Nigerian culture, interspersed with terraces of tradition and heritage, lies a complex labyrinth of norms and beliefs that shape the lived experiences of its people. Yet, amidst the vibrant diversity of our nation’s cultural mosaic, a troubling reality persists: the pervasive scourge of gender-based violence (GBV). To truly understand this phenomenon, one must delve into the cultural underpinnings that contribute to its perpetuation.
At the heart of Nigerian culture lies a deeply entrenched patriarchal system, where power dynamics often favour men at the expense of women. From the Hausa-Fulani of the north to the Yoruba of the southwest and the Igbo of the southeast, patriarchal norms are deeply ingrained, dictating gender roles and expectations. Women are often relegated to subordinate positions, their voices silenced by centuries-old traditions and customs.
One such tradition is the concept of “gendered respect,” whereby women are expected to defer to men in all aspects of life. This cultural norm, rooted in notions of male superiority, can create a power imbalance that leaves women vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. Moreover, the stigma surrounding divorce and marital discord often compels women to endure violence in silence, lest they be ostracised by their communities.
Religion also plays a significant role in shaping attitudes towards gender and sexuality in Nigeria. Christianity and Islam, the two dominant religions, both espouse teachings that can be interpreted to justify male authority and control over women. This has led to the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes and beliefs that reinforce gender inequality and justify violence against women.
Furthermore, traditional practices such as female genital mutilation (FGM) and child marriage continue to undermine the rights and dignity of women and girls in Nigeria. While efforts have been made to eradicate these harmful practices, they persist in many communities, perpetuating cycles of violence and oppression.
The institution of marriage, revered as sacred in Nigerian culture, can also be a site of violence and coercion. The practice of bride price, whereby a groom’s family pays a sum of money or goods to the bride’s family, can commodify women and reinforce their status as property. This transactional view of marriage can perpetuate the belief that women are subordinate to men, laying the groundwork for domestic violence and abuse.
Moreover, the lack of economic opportunities for women in Nigeria exacerbates their vulnerability to GBV. In a society where men are often the primary breadwinners, women may be economically dependent on their husbands or male relatives, making it difficult for them to leave abusive relationships. This economic disparity can trap women in cycles of violence, with few options for escape.
Education also plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes towards gender and violence. In communities where girls’ education is undervalued, women may lack the knowledge and resources to challenge the status quo or seek help when they experience abuse. Furthermore, the absence of comprehensive sex education leaves many Nigerians ill-equipped to navigate healthy relationships and understand the dynamics of consent.
Addressing the cultural factors that contribute to GBV in Nigeria requires a multi-faceted approach that recognises the interconnectedness of tradition, religion, and social norms. It requires challenging deeply ingrained beliefs and stereotypes, promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment, and creating supportive environments where survivors can seek justice and healing.
As Nigeria continues its journey towards progress and development, it must confront the cultural roots of GBV with courage and determination. Only by dismantling the patriarchal structures that perpetuate violence and oppression can we create a society where every individual, regardless of gender, can live free from fear and violence.
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#GBVSurvivors
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Paulyn Owhievbie Ugbodaga
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