The Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) has condemned the proposed bill seeking to amend the Electoral Act 2022 to make voting compulsory for all eligible Nigerians.
Describing it as an unconstitutional affront to civil liberties and democratic values, the NBA said Nigeria cannot jail its citizens for choosing silence.
In a statement on Tuesday, NBA President, Afam Osigwe, SAN, said the bill, which prescribes sanctions, including fines of up to ₦100,000 or imprisonment for failure to vote, is not only regressive but wholly inconsistent with the spirit and letter of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended).
He said Section 39(1) of the Constitution guarantees every citizen the right to freedom of expression, which includes the right to silence, dissent, and abstention. In a democracy, the right to vote is a civil liberty, not a legal obligation.
According to him, compelling citizens to vote through coercive legal measures violates the fundamental right of Nigerians to decide whether or not to participate in elections.
“Also, Section 40 guarantees the right to freedom of association, which includes the right not to associate. In the same spirit, compelling an individual to vote, regardless of their faith in the electoral process or options presented, amounts to a violation of their personal convictions and political freedoms,” he said.
The NBA president said the association finds it unacceptable that a democratic government would seek to criminalise non-participation in an electoral process marred by voter apathy, mistrust, insecurity, and systemic failures.
Osigwe lamented that instead of fixing the conditions that discourage voter turnout, such as electoral violence, vote buying, among others, the state is attempting to force participation through punitive legislation.
“Democracy is not sustained by coercion. It thrives on consent, participation, and trust. The moment citizens are forced to vote under the threat of imprisonment, the entire essence of free and fair elections collapses.
“If passed, this bill would set a dangerous constitutional precedent: that the government can punish citizens for refusing to participate in its processes. This opens the door to further erosions of civil liberties and legitimizes authoritarian impulses under the guise of electoral reform,” he said.
He urged the National Assembly to immediately discontinue any legislative process advancing “this unconstitutional and anti-democratic bill. Nigeria’s democracy does not need coercion; it needs trust, transparency, accountability, and inclusive reforms.”
He said rather than punish non-voters, government and political actors must focus on rebuilding the integrity of the electoral system, ensuring security on election days, guaranteeing the independence of the electoral umpire, and conducting voter education to inspire confidence in democratic participation.
“Let it be clear: No citizen should be compelled to vote under threat of prosecution. The NBA will resist any attempt to enforce such draconian provisions and will challenge any law that seeks to weaponize civic participation against the people,” he said.
